artsmia/art-of-asia/history/ming-dynasty-map.cfm

1. China Dynasties Timeline http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/ming-dynasty-map.cfm

2. Warm up #20 • What are Chinese Kingdoms called? • What did the Chinese build to keep invaders out? • What trade route stretched from China to the Middle East • region? • 4. What was a Chinese philosophy which is based on • relationships, respect and obedience? Dynasties Great Wall Silk Road Confucianism

3. East/Southeast Asia Civilizations

4. China Dynasties • Chinese Dynasties • Han Dynasty fell apart 220 CE • China remained divided for 400 years • New dynasty forms in 618 CE • Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE • Li Yuan-first emperor • Son Tang Taizong-most admired • emperor • Expanded China’s territory • Tributary states- Countries, even • though self-governing, had to • acknowledge China’s supremacy • Vietnam, Korea, Tibet • Land Reform- Broke up large farms • and redistributed smaller chunks • to peasants • Increased government power • (No more powerful landowners) • Led to more tax money http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/resource/tangchin.htm http://medievalhistoryfacebook.wikispaces.com/Tang+Taizong

5. China Dynasties • Tang Dynasty falls apart • Famine, high taxes, wars, drought • Song Dynasty 960-1279 CE • Founded by Zhao Kuangyin • Controlled smaller area compared • to Tang Dynasty (threat of invaders) • Period of great achievements • Improve farming methods • Open door policy • New faster growing rice • Lots more products traded • Porcelain for spices and • wood • Paper money first issued http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song http://www.history-of-china.com/song-dynasty/

6. Chinese society/culture • Chinese classes based on • Confucianism • Gentry—wealthy landowners • Peasants– worked on land and • lived on what they produced • Drought and famine constant • threats • Merchants—lowest level. Riches • came from the labor of others • Women • Dowry– Payment that a woman • brings to a marriage • Architecture • Pagoda– Multistoried temples • with eaves that round up • Porcelain- Shiny hard pottery • (Chinaware—called by Westerners) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goju-no-to_Pagoda,_Miyajima.jpg http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/global/themes/goldenages/china.cfm

7. Mongols • Mongols • Nomads who lived in the Steppe- • treeless plains region of Central Asia • Made up of many tribes, one man • united all tribes and became ruler— • Genghis Khan • Expansion of Mongols • Under Genghis Khan • Conquered Northern China • Parts of Russia • Southwest Asia/Muslim lands • Conquered people could live like they • always have, but have to pay a tribute • to the Mongols every year • Khan respected all aspects of culture • and philosophies • Period known as Pax Mongolica or • Mongol Peace for its order and peace http://www.biography.com/people/genghis-khan-9308634 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan

8. Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khan • Grandson of Genghis Khan • Defeated the last Song Emperor in 1279 • Created his own Chinese Dynasty called • the Yuan Dynasty • Improved infrastructure—Grand Canal • Capital is present day Beijing • Visited by Marco Polo • Traded goods such as gunpowder, • porcelain and playing cards • 1294 Kublai Khan dies, Yuan Dynasty falls • Chinese did not want Mongol rulers • Peasants rebelled against Mongolians • Led by Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the • Mongolians and founded the Ming • Dynasty. http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/china-history/the-yuan-dynasty.htm http://www.biography.com/people/kublai-khan-9369657

9. Ming Dynasty • Ming Dynasty • Restored Chinese culture • Brought back Civil Service • Confucianism once again taught • Economic Boom • Better farming methods • Terraces on side hills • New crops from Americas • Corn and Sweet Potatoes • Repaired Infrastructure • Rebuilt canals • Build Forbidden City • Improved Military • New Chinese navy traveled around • the SE Asia to promote trade and • collect tributes • Admiral Zheng He carried out the • first 7 expeditions, but after his • death, China would stop sailing. http://history-scribe1.blogspot.com/2011/09/exploits-of-admiral-cheng-ho-and-its.html http://www.alrahalah.com/2010/09/zheng-he/ http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/tang-dynasty-map.cfm

10. Korea Geography • Geography • Peninsula • Lots of small islands • Steep mountains-70% of terrain • Seafood is a main staple • Effects of China • Only land neighbor • At times China has controlled Korea • Cultural/technology influence • Bridge for culture between China and • Japan • First people • From Siberia/Manchuria • Han Dynasty-military colony

11. Korea Dynasties • Korea’s Dynasties • 3 Kingdoms were created in Korea • Silla Dynasty 668-935 CE • Tributary state of China • Seen as younger brother to • China (Confucianism) • Only aristocrats could rule • Fell apart after conflicts between • peasants and aristocrats • Koryo Dynasty 935-1392 CE • Buddhist/Hindu influenced • Learned a specialized porcelain • called celadon—porcelain with • blue-green glaze. • Mongols defeated the Koryo and • the secret of making celadon was • lost forever. http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/bender4/eall131/EAHReadings/module02/m02korean.html http://www.korea.net/AboutKorea/Korea-at-a-Glance/History

12. Korea's Dynasties • Chosun Dynasty 1392-1910 • Mongols first invaded in 1231 and • ruled from 1259-1350s • Developed the Hangul –Korean • alphabet, got rid of Chinese alphabet • Led to an increase in literacy rate • 1590s Japan invaded Korea to invade • China • Korea’s turtle ships plow through • Japanese navy • After 6 years, Japan withdraws, but • kidnapped many artisans and take • back to Japan, looted and burn • much of the peninsula http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/bender4/eall131/EAHReadings/module02/m02korean.html

13. Warm Up 21 What religion(s) will impact or be practiced in Southeast Asia during this time period?

14. Japan Geography • Geography • Archipelago- chain of islands • 4/5 of land is mountainous • Difficult to farm • Most towns located in valleys • and along coastline • Natural protection from invaders • Surrounded by water • At times isolated themselves • Natural disasters • Volcanoes—Ring of Fire • Tsunamis- large tidal waves http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/japan.html http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/fire.html

15. Japanese Culture • Religion • Shinto- “The way of the Kami” • Worship the forces of nature • Still survives today • Buddhism is also brought into • Japan from Korean missionaries • Zen Buddhism- Emphasized • self-reliance, meditation and • devotion to duty • Feudalism • Daimyo- Greater lords • Divided the lands to lesser • lords • Samurai- Lesser lords • Japanese warriors • Bushido- Warrior code • Honor, bravery and loyalty http://matiasstella.com/japan/itsukushima-shinto-shrine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai

16. Mongols invasion • Mongols try to invade • Kublai Khan attempt in 1274 • 30,000 troops arrive • Typhoon wrecked ships • Mongols retreat • 1281 2nd attempt • Again typhoon drives back • invasion • Kamikaze- Divine winds • Japanese believe the • Gods protected them http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/divine-wind.htm http://edlarkin.blogspot.com/2013_04_01_archive.html

17. Shogunates • Japanese Feudalism • Shogunate—Japanese Kingdoms • or military dynasties • Shoguns-Supreme military • commander • There were emperors, but • were powerless • Three Shogunates 1192-1333 • Kamakura Shogunate • Fell apart during Mongol • invasions • Ashikaga Shogunate1336-1573 • Plagued by feudal warfare • Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1868 • Created more centralized gov’t • Economy grows • New roads • Farming improvements Tokugawa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate

18. Warm up 22 • Which countries had Dynasties? • Which country had Shogunates? • What are the two peninsulas • that make up Southeast • Asia (from movie) • What is the rainy season • (summer) called in Southeast • Asia (from movie) China and Korea Japan Indochina and Malay Monsoon

19. Geography SE Asia • Geography • 2 major regions • SE mainland with many peninsulas • Mountains • River Valleys • Home to civilizations • Islands– 20,000 • Important trade routes

20. Indian Culture • India visits • Merchants/traders • Traded cotton, perfume and jewels for wood, spices and gold • New religions • Hindu, Buddhism, Islam • Islam is dominate religion • today http://uppermerionhslibrary.wikispaces.com/file/view/spread_of_buddhism_in_asia.jpg/45785959/333x246/spread_of_buddhism_in_asia.jpg http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imageislam/Seasia.gif

21. Kingdoms/Empires • Pagan Kingdom • Irrawaddy Valley • Buddhism • Stuppas- dome-shaped shrines • 1287 fell to Mongols • Khmer Empire • Hindus-leaders • Buddhism-ordinary people • King Suryavaram II built the • great Hindu temple Angkor Wat • Srivijaya Empire • Indonesia • Controlled Strait of Malacca— • vital shipping passage • Hindu/Buddhism at first • Islamic today http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkor_Wat http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hxSW2tGOXvg/Tg_zXpXotRI/AAAAAAAAAmI/rh_Xc4Jrm-U/s1600/sri%2Bvijaya%2Bmap.jpg http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/seasia/semap2.jpg

22. Kingdoms/Empires • Vietnam • Formed around Red River delta • Town of Hanoi • Rice paddies-fields • China controlled/influenced the • region for several years • 39 CE two sisters led uprising • Trung sisters • Failed and became martyrs • 939 CE end of Tang Dynasty • Vietnam finally splits from • China, but remain a tributary • state. http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lg2p19vWhR1qabvgio1_500.jpg

23. Warm up #23 • What natural event stopped the Mongolians from invading • Japan? • Place in order the following in the Chinese class system; • Merchants, Gentry, Peasants • Which Chinese Dynasty was formed by the Mongolians? • What was the Japanese warrior code called? • What ended the era of the Samurais? • What body of water is an important trading passage in • Indonesia…. Straight of ________________ Typhoons Gentry, Peasants, Merchants Yuan Bushido Use of guns Malacca