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Toward a Unified Scripting Language : Lessons Learned from Developing CML and AML

Toward a Unified Scripting Language : Lessons Learned from Developing CML and AML. Soft computing Laboratory Yonsei University October 1, 200 4. 1. Introduction. Two approaches to specifying scripting languages for character animation Character Markup Language(CML)

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Toward a Unified Scripting Language : Lessons Learned from Developing CML and AML

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  1. Toward a Unified Scripting Language : Lessons Learned from Developing CML and AML Soft computing Laboratory Yonsei University October1, 2004

  2. 1. Introduction • Two approaches to specifying scripting languages for character animation • Character Markup Language(CML) • Top-down approach by defining high-level attributes for character personality, emotion and behavior that are integrated to form the specification of synchronized animation script • Avatar Markup Language(AML) • Bottom-up approach in which the language provides a generic mechanism for the selection and synchronized merging of animations • Need for powerful yet generic scripting languages to bridge the gap between behavior generation and animation tools

  3. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • Visual Behavior Definition • A third factor that governs character behavior • The actions an agent needs to perform in a session to achieve given tasks • Personality and current mental state • The role the agent is given • The behaviors are defined as XML tags CML Processor High-level behavior tags Animation Script (map appropriate action point parameters)

  4. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • Classification of Motion • Derived from Blumberg and Russell’s architecture (three-layer structure : geometry, motor, behavior system) • The initial set of CML base motions is classified by the goal of the motion as follows: • Movement defines motion that require the rotation or movement of a character from one position to another. Positions are defined by exact coordinates, an object position, or a character position. (move-to, turn-to) • Pointing defines a pointing gesture toward a coordinate, object, or character. (point-to) • Grasping defines motions that require the character to hold, throw, or come in contact with an object or another character (grasp, throw, touch) • Gaze defines the movements related to the head and eyes. (Gaze are gaze, track, blink, look-to, and look-at. ) • Gesture includes motions that represent known gestures like hand movement to convey an acknowledgment, a wave, etc. (gesture-at)

  5. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • CML Specification • Animated character behavior is expressed through the interpretation of XML Schema structures • The language contains • Low-level tags (specific character gesture representations defining movements, intensities, and explicit expression) • High-level tags (commonly used combinations of these low-level tags • Synchronization between the audio and visual modalities is achieved through the use of SMIL ( <seq>, <par>)

  6. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • CML Representation Language • Head Gesture Taxonomy • Symbolic gestures, Iconic gestures, Deictic gesture • Hand Gestures Taxonomy • Posture, Motion, Orientation, ‘Gestlets’, Fingers • Body Gestures Taxonomy • Natural, Relax, Tense, Iconic, Incline • Emotions (based on the OCC theory of emotion) • Class, Valence, Subject, Target, Intensity, Time-stamp, Origin

  7. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • CML Scripting Language • Face Animation Scripting • Head Movement • tilt : movement in a slant with often subtle or superficial neck movement • turn : require more profound movement of the neck <turn-to> <order {0 to n/before/after} /> <priority 0 to n/> <begin {ss:mmm:/before/after/object} /> <end {ss:mmm:/before/after/object} /> <speed {0.n to n.n (unit) /defualt/slow/fast} /> <target {x,y,z/object/character} /> <direction (rightside, leftside, frontside, backside) /> <degree (n%) /> <repeat {0 to n/dur} /> <interrupt {yes/no} /> <transAnimat {head groups} /> <transPos {x,y,z/object/character} /> <transSpeed default/slow/ intermediate/fast} /> </turn-to>

  8. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • Head Gesture • Deictic • Symbolic • Face Movement and Gesture • Define the elements and behaviors for specific parts of the face including the Brow, Gaze, and Mouse <disagree> <tilt-to-right> … </tilt-to-right> <tilt-to-left> … </tilt-to-left> </disagree>

  9. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language • Body Animation Scripting • A set of defined body elements which are low level tags based on MPEG-4 BAPs • A set of high-level tags representing body parts which are grouped from a set of respective low-level tags • Base elements are.. • Movement (moving, bending, turning) • Gesture defines body postures that include motions representing common Iconic, Symbolic, or Deictic body gestures • Posture (expression) defines a set of high-level tags representing general body gesture • Natural ,Relax ,Tense, Incline

  10. 2. Scripting with the Character Markup Language BDB • Generating Script PDTD FDB CML Generation Animation Generation EDTD State and Context CML Processor CML Decoder FAP Audio/TTS Face Action Composition Input FAP BAP Audio/TTS Emotion Signal Utterance Composition CML Script Face &Body Behavior/Action Synchronisation Speech Text

  11. 3. Avatar Markup Language • Objective : to design and develop a full end-to-end MPEG-4 multimedia framework to support, amongst other features, 3D avatar-based multi-user chat rooms and autonomous synthetic characters • Three component • A database of basic facial and body animation units(can extended by third party) • A rendering system capable of merging multiple face and body animation units and text to speech input in realtime • A high-level scripting language designed to allow animators to specify which animations to use together with timing, priority, and decay information

  12. 3. Avatar Markup Language • AML Specification • Flexiblity : as many Expression Tracks as required, each containing as many Expressions as required <AFML> <Settings> …… </Settings> … <ExpressionsTrack name=“Track name”> <Expression> <StartTime>mm:ss:mmm</StartTime> <ExName>”name”</ExName> <Envelope> …… </Envelope> </Expression> </ExpressionTrack> … </AFML> <AFML syntax>

  13. 3. Avatar Markup Language <BodyAnimationTrack name=“char, name of track”> … <UserAnimation type=“bap|trk|wrl” filename=“char”> <StartTime> mm:ss:mmm|autosync|autoafter</StartTime> <Speed>normal|slow|fast</Speed> <Intensity>float, 0 to fn </Intensity> <Priority>integer, 0 to n</Priority> </UserAnimation> <Emotion>…</Emotion> <StandardGesture>… </StandardGesture> </BodyAnimationTrack> <ABML’s Body AnimationTrack Syntax> <BodyAnimationTrack name=“char, name of track”> <FacingAction bodypart=“body|headonly”> … <XCoor>float, target’s X coordinate in meters</XCoor> <YCoor>float, target’s Y coordinate in meters</YCoor> <ZCoor>float, target’s Z coordinate in meters</ZCoor> </FacingAction> <PointingAction handconfig=“onefinger|open”>… </ PointingAction> <WalkingAction mode=“default|run”>…</WalkingAction> <ResettingAction>…</ResettingAction> </BodyAnimationTrack> <ABML’s Body AnimationTrack Behavior>

  14. 4. CML and AML Applied • CML • Sample CML – Happy Move and Point Script <cml> <character name=“James” personality=“extravert” role=“psa” gender=“m” base-animation-file=“butler.liv”> <happy intensity=“0.3” decay=“0.5” target=“goal” priority=“1”> <move-to order=“0” priority=“0” speed=“default” object=“product1” /> <sync type=“par” order=“1” priority=“0”> <point-to object=“product1” /> <utterance> </sync> </happy> </character> </cml>

  15. 4. CML and AML Applied • AML • Sample AML – Walk and Point <AML face_id=“x” body_id=“y” root_path=“c:\” name=“point to phone”> <FA start_time=“00:00:000”> <TTS output_fap=speech.fap output_wav=speech.wav> <Text>”Let me show you another phone over here”</Text> </TTS> <AFML> <Settings> <Fps>25</Fps> <Duration>00:06:000</Duration> <FADBPath>.\Expressions\</FADBPath> <SpeechPath>.\Speech\</SpeechPath> </Settings> <ExpressionsTrack name=“smile”> <Expresion> <StartTime> 00:00:800 </StartTime> <ExName> smile.ex </ExName> <Envelope> <Point>… </Point> <Point>…</Point> <Point>…</Point> </Envelope> </Expression> </ExpressionTrack> <SpeechTrack> …</SpeechTrack> </AFML> </FA> <BA> <ABML>….</ABML> </BA> </AML>

  16. 5. Discussion and Lessons Learned • A Comparison

  17. 5. Discussion and Lessons Learned • Towards a Unified Language • Objectives of a Unified Language • Define a framework to decouple embodied agent animation tools and the underlying affect and planning engines • Establish a formal specification for unified /consistent interpretation • Provide for modular development • Create a markup language based on XML (providing semantic and scripting annotations) • Language Requirements • High Level • Usability • Extensibility • Parameterized • Synchronization Support • Consistency • Domain

  18. 6. Conclusion • There is a trade-off to be made between higher levels of control (high granularity) and the complexity of the resulting language • Striving toward a unified scripting and representation language may be the catalyst for much needed agreement

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