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Plants Genetics Engineering: GM product

Plants Genetics Engineering: GM product. Mercer University School of Engineering Professional Practice, Dr. Davis Y, Shin. Did you know?. In the U.S. in 1999, more than 40% of corn, more than 50% of cotton, and more than 45% of soybeans were genetically modified crops (Hesson, 2002). 

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Plants Genetics Engineering: GM product

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  1. Plants Genetics Engineering: GM product Mercer University School of Engineering Professional Practice, Dr. Davis Y, Shin

  2. Did you know? • In the U.S. in 1999, more than 40% of corn, more than 50% of cotton, and more than 45% of soybeans were genetically modified crops (Hesson, 2002).  • At least 60% of products in US supermarkets contain GMO (Genetically Modifed Organisms) (Ahmed, 2002) • FDA approved that GM foods are safe as much as non-GM foods

  3. What is genetically engineered food? • Food produced by a crop whose genetic composition is genetically modified, or bioengineered for improvement Image from ww.gm.org/?p=42

  4. Advantage Herbicide resistance Nitrogen fixation Virus / diseases resistance Hardier Higher yielding / higher productivity More nutritious Less cost of production Higher tolerance to extreme environment Better taste Creation of new species of crops Pros • - Less time consuming • Obtain specifically desired traits from single gene • Improve agricultural production • Help reduce world hunger

  5. Cons • The technology is still in infancy and is not tested thoroughly. • Safety is not guaranteed • There are no global agreement on safety standards to test safety of GM food • GM food might affect us genetically as well • GMOs might affect wildlife and its environment Potential effects • Maydevelop new diseases • Weeds might become immune to herbicides • May lack nutrients • May develop new allergens • May harm human growth • May develop toxin • Narrowing plant species

  6. Sample GM products Chart from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec006group5/gm_food

  7. Summary of Article A research performed in Russia showed affect of GM soy on posterity of living creature. This research suggest that parents with GM-based food diet may have impact on their newborn. For the experiment three groups of female rats two weeks prior to conception and during conception and nursing were tested as following: First group were fed with GM soy flour, Second group were given no soy, Third group received conventional soy flour. And birth and death of baby rats were counted. The result showed that diet had no impact on number of offsprings produced. However it affected death rate. The first group had 6.8%, second group had 55.6%, and third group had 9% of death rate. Genetically Modified Soy in Russia Original article and picture in courtesy of Good. And Hasslberger

  8. Technological Evolution • Past- Classical breeding • Cross-fertilization: Isolated and selected desired traits within a plant and breed it with other plants • Present – Genetics engineering • Recombinating DNA: Inserting a gene of an organism (virus, bacteria, or plant of different species) that contain desired traits into a desired plant

  9. Societal Inputs • FDA have approved of GM food safe • Biotech tech companies are pushing GM products in the market • Many people disapprove of GM foods • Many people are unaware that many food products are either GM or contain GMOs

  10. Is genetics engineering ethical? • We must ask ourselves “Does humans have rights to “play god” and to manipulate animals and plants genetically”?

  11. GM food and you • Impacts of GM food on society

  12. So What? • GM food must be tested further for human and environmental safety before commercialized • GM production will increase in developing countries • GM food may be the food in the future

  13. Reference • Bren, L. Genetic Engineering: The future of food? FDA Consumer Magazine, 37. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2003/603_food.html • Gert3d. GM food and me. Retrieved March 25, 2008 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8p7M0WF_7A • Good, R Hasslberger,S. November 02, 2005. Genetically modified soy in Russia Retrieved March 26, 2008 http://www.biotech-weblog.com/50226711/genetically_modified_soy_in_russia.php • Hesson, N. Debate and Policies on Labeling GM Foods. Retrieved March 24,2008 from www.bio.davidson.edu/.../GMevents/NH/NH.html • McDonagh, S. Ethics and Genetic Engineering. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.voice.buz.org/genetic_engineering/ethicsandge.html

  14. Reference continued • MORLEY, E. Frankenfood approved. Economist, 370. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=109&sid=58b98f05-085d-4008-a21d-5693c4c7b0f8%40sessionmgr104 • National Research Council Staff (1984). Genetic Engineering of Plants: Agricultural Research Opportunities and Policy Concerns. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from • http://site.ebrary.com/lib/mercer/Doc?id=10056707&ppg=64 • New weapon for farmers is discovered (Sep 23,1994). New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/auth/checkbrowser.do?ipcounter=1&cookieState=0&rand=0.7858060772632571&rbhcp=1 • The Regents of the University of Michigan (1997). GM Crops: Costs and Benefits. Retrieved March 24, 2008 from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec006group5/gm_food • Newman, J (21 June 2003). Is GM food safe?Retrieved March 24, 2008 from www.non-gm-farmers.com/news_print.asp?ID=486

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