1 / 30

Memory systems

Memory systems. Unit objectives Describe the function of memory and differentiate between different types of memory chips Differentiate between different memory packages Test memory with a memory testing application and troubleshoot memory problems. Topic A. Topic A: Memory

cleo
Télécharger la présentation

Memory systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Memory systems Unit objectives • Describe the function of memory and differentiate between different types of memory chips • Differentiate between different memory packages • Test memory with a memory testing application and troubleshoot memory problems

  2. Topic A • Topic A: Memory • Topic B: Memory packaging • Topic C: Memory troubleshooting

  3. Memory • RAM = Random Access Memory • Working area for data during processing • Having sufficient RAM is critical • Performance • Software support • Quality RAM is critical

  4. Measurement units • Bit • Nibble = 4 bits • Byte = 8 bits • Word = based on CPU • Pentium 4: 32-bit processor : 32 bit word

  5. Larger units • Byte (B) = 8 bits • Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes • Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 1,048,576 bytes • Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB = 1,073,741,824 bytes • Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes

  6. Memory types • Classify memory as: • Volatile vs. non-volatile • Static vs. dynamic • Asynchronous vs. synchronous

  7. Volatile vs. non-volatile memory

  8. Dynamic vs. static memory • Dynamic (DRAM) • Must be continually refreshed • Inexpensive • Small • Static (SRAM) • Refreshing not required • More expensive • Larger • Faster

  9. Asynchronous and synchronous • Asynchronous • Not synchronized to system clock • Consistent time to access and read data • Synchronous • Synchronized to system clock • Access data and return in one or more clock cycles • SDRAM faster than ADRAM

  10. Memory access types

  11. Access time • Latency • Memory speed • Nanoseconds vs. megahertz • Overall speed • Doesn’t include latency • Doesn’t consider bus speed • Bandwidth

  12. Speed ratings

  13. Activity A-1 Identifying memory characteristics

  14. Topic B • Topic A: Memory • Topic B: Memory packaging • Topic C: Memory troubleshooting

  15. Packaging • Individual chips • Package • Memory chips • Connecting wires • Support chips • Pins or edge contacts

  16. Individual chips

  17. SIMM

  18. Package types

  19. Memory error recovery • Parity—detects an error • ECC—detects and corrects an error • Desktop memory—no parity or ECC • Server memory—often includes parity or ECC

  20. Parity 8 chips, no parity 9 chips, supportsparity

  21. Activity B-1 Comparing RAM packaging

  22. Topic C • Topic A: Memory • Topic B: Memory packaging • Topic C: Memory troubleshooting

  23. Task Manager • Windows GUI utility • Provides information on currently running processes • Version available on all Windows operating systems • Windows 9x/Me Program List • Windows NT/2000/XP Task Manager

  24. Performance tab indicators • CPU Usage • CPU Usage History • PF Usage • Page File Usage History • Totals • Physical Memory (K) • Commit Charge (K) • Kernel Memory (K) • Summary data

  25. The Performance tab

  26. Activity C-1 Monitoring memory usage

  27. Activity C-2 Adjusting the Windows page file size

  28. Memory symptoms • 201 BIOS error code at boot time • Parity error message • Computer randomly freezes or crashes • Wrong amount of memory reported by the BIOS • Windows reports General Protection Fault, Page Fault, or Exception errors • Random crashes, corrupted data, strange application behavior

  29. Activity C-3 Troubleshooting memory

  30. Unit summary • Described the function of memory and differentiated between different types of memory chips • Differentiated between different memory packages • Tested memory with a memory testing application and resolved memory problems

More Related