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IN THE WAKE OF WAR: Reconstruction or Restoration?

1865-1877. IN THE WAKE OF WAR: Reconstruction or Restoration?. Accomplishments of Civil War. Destruction of slavery as political and economic system; Slaves freed. IN THE WAKE OF WAR Overview. African Americans – a Dream Deferred The Struggle over the South

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IN THE WAKE OF WAR: Reconstruction or Restoration?

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  1. 1865-1877 IN THE WAKE OF WAR: Reconstruction or Restoration?

  2. Accomplishmentsof Civil War • Destruction of slavery as political and economic system; • Slaves freed

  3. IN THE WAKE OF WAR Overview • African Americans – a Dream Deferred • The Struggle over the South - Political, Economic, Social

  4. African Americans view:self-determination Reunite families, traveled long distances Own land Women stay home to tend to children and family Educate children Build Free Communities, free from white domination Formed self-help organizations and black churches American citizenship Right to vote, run for local office (600 state legis.) Protection by federal government, military occupation of South

  5. Reconstruction Amendments • 13th amendment (1865) abolish slavery • 14th amendment (1865) citizenship rights; equal protection clause; confederate states must ratify to be in Union • 15th amendment, black men vote (1869)

  6. Postwar Policies The Freedmen’s Bureau (1865-1868) • Liaison between freed people and southern whites to employers • Free labor system with annual contracts

  7. Restoration?, 1865–1867, • President Andrew Johnson (So. Democrat) supported white view of South against equal rights freed people • Black codes, states laws passed in South; • Imprison blacks or enforce labor, limit own property, firearms or liquor, interracial marriage • Vagrancy laws; unemployed southern blacks could be arrested and hired out to whites • Johnson vetoes extension and expansion of Freedman’s Bureau, supports states rights • Rise of Ku Klux Klan 1866 - terrorism

  8. Reconstruction Continued • November, 1866: Republicans gain majority in both houses (pass reconstruction amendments) • Radical Republicans, Pres. Johnson impeachment: 1868; President Grant elected (Republican). • 15th amendment: ratified in 1869

  9. 14th AmendmentU.S. ConstitutionSection 1 • Anyone born or naturalized in U.S. is an American citizen and deserves all rights granted by Constitution • No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizen of the U.S.; nor shall any State deprive any personof life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

  10. 15th Amendment U.S. Constitution, Section 1 • “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” • Did not include age, sex, lack of money

  11. The Southern Postwar Labor Problem- Need for labor • The Freedman’s Bureau • Provided food, clothes, shelter • Free labor system with annual contracts • Sometimes aided white landowners labor needs; liaison freed people and whites • General Sherman’s Field Order Number 15 • Forty acres and a mule, redistribution land • Sharecropping system; white landowner furnish seed, fertilizer, tools, food and clothing. In exchange, landlord gets share, ½ of harvest, which went to pay off debts

  12. The Election of 1876 • Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican • Popular Vote: 4,036,572 • Electoral Vote: 185 • Samuel J. Tilden, Democrat • Popular Vote: 4,284,020 • Electoral Vote: 184

  13. Political Compromise of 1877 • Republican Hayes in office • In return withdrawal of troops from South • Restoration of States Rights; white supremacists defy federal amendments and control state and local government • Jim Crow laws

  14. End of ReconstructionSummary • A Dream Deferred • Republican vision; national unity based on prosperity and control national economic policy; • Democratic vision: States rights; control labor of freed people, disregard civil rights • White supremacy • Lynching in South

  15. http://withoutsanctuary.org/movie_play.html

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