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Warm Up

Warm Up . Please discuss one of the three scientists reviewed on Monday and explain how their specific experiment help to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. Bacteria. Prokaryote . All Bacteria are prokaryotic….NO Organelles! Bacteria is broken into two k ingdoms: 1. Eubacteria

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up Please discuss one of the three scientists reviewed on Monday and explain how their specific experiment help to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation.

  2. Bacteria

  3. Prokaryote All Bacteria are prokaryotic….NO Organelles! Bacteria is broken into two kingdoms: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaeabacteria

  4. Eubacteria Eubacteria live in nearly every environment on Earth and are important in the human body, industry, and food production. They have: 1. Strong cell walls that contain peptidoglycan 2. Some are photosynthetic. Ex. Cyanobacteria: utilize photosynthesis to obtain energy.

  5. Archaeabacteria Archaeabacterialive in EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS. They can live in very harsh conditions including: Extreme heat, salt, or lack of oxygen. Archaea were first found in extreme environments, such as volcanic hot springs.

  6. Prokaryote Structure Chromosome: Circular instead of a line Capsule: On the outside of the cell wall. Prevents drying out and helps protect from outside environment. Pili: Hair like structures that help Bacteria attach to surfaces. Flagella: Used for movement.

  7. Reproduction Bacteria reproduce ASEXUALLY. Asexual means offspring come from only one parent! The method of reproduction is called BINARY FISSION. The bacteria chromosome first copies itself. It then attaches each copy to opposite parts of the cell membrane. The cell pulls apart and the replicated and original chromosomes are separated. The cell splits (cytokinesis) There are now two cells of identical genetic composition.

  8. Binary Fission Binary fission is the division of a cell into two genetically identical cells.

  9. Binary Fission Compared to Sexual Reproduction Binary fission is an exact copy of the parent cell. Sexual reproduction (meiosis) creates a new, genetically different, cell. Binary Fission Sexual Reproduction

  10. Harmful Bacteria Only a small percentage of bacteria can cause disease. Bacteria cause disease in two ways: They multiply quickly at site of infection before body’s defense can destroy them. Ex. Strep throat, pneumonia, tuberculosis,. They secrete a toxin or substance that can cause harm. Ex.. Botulism secretes a toxin that paralyzes cells in the nervous system.

  11. Antibiotics There are many ways to kill and stop the reproduction of bacteria. Antibiotics target specific parts of the bacteria. Ex. Penicillin targets the cell wall and weakens it. Antibiotic resistance: Due to increased use of antibiotics, new bacteria are surviving that are immune to the antibiotics.

  12. Beneficial Bacteria NOT ALL BACTERIA IS BAD! Bacteria is used to make food, medicine, and even helps digestion. Bacteria is used to make the following food items: Yogurt, milk, cheese, and baby food. E. coli lives inside your digestive system and is necessary for survival! The E. coli helps make vitamin K which helps with blood clotting. This is an example of a MUTUALISITC relationship between E. coli and its human host.

  13. What If all bacteria was eliminated? Limit of nutrients since bacteria help breakdown dead plants and animals (decomposers). Help return nutrients to the environment. Inability to properly digest our food. Decrease in medicines and food production.

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