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From Hot to Cold War

From Hot to Cold War. The Big Three-Allies Forever? Agree to:. Try the Nazi war criminals Form the United Nations Divide Germany Divide Berlin Hold free elections in Eastern Europe Defeat Japan. The Post WWII Era. What kept the Allies together in war was now gone!.

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From Hot to Cold War

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  1. From Hot to Cold War

  2. The Big Three-Allies Forever?Agree to: • Try the Nazi war criminals • Form the United Nations • Divide Germany • Divide Berlin • Hold free elections in Eastern Europe • Defeat Japan

  3. The Post WWII Era What kept the Allies together in war was now gone!

  4. World War II Changes the World! • Atomic Age Begins • Jets, Computers, and Rockets Invented • Radar and Sonar • Penicillin, Sulfa, and Antibiotics • Imperialism and Colonialism End • USA & USSR emerge as Superpowers • Cold War Begins

  5. I. Post War Decisions • A. Issues to be addressed. • 1. What to do with the defeated nations? • 2. How to rebuild? • 3. How to make sure this doesn’t happen again?

  6. Judgment at NurembergFollowing WWII the Nazis were tried for: • War crimes • Crimes against peace • Crimes against humanity Bush vowed to try Saddom as a War Criminal.

  7. A war criminal or sovereign leader of an independent country?

  8. Iraqi Kurd schoolgirls make their way to school at the Benislawa internally displaced persons camp outside the city of Irbil, which is controlled by the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), 231 miles (370 kilometers) north of the capital Baghdad, Iraq, Saturday, Feb. 22, 2003. About120,000 internally displaced Kurds live at Benislawa

  9. Mohammed Aziz, 38, a survivor of the Halabja gas attack now calls Nashville, Tenn., home as he sits outside the Kurdish Human Rights Office in Nashville, Friday, Feb. 7, 2003. Aziz lost his father, two uncles, a brother, nieces and nephews, in March 1988 when Iraqi war planes dropped sarin and mustard gas on his hometown. While Americans waver on war with Iraq, Kurdish refugees in the United States have no doubt about the threat posed by Saddam Hussein.

  10. The trial of the Nazi war criminals is held at Nuremberg! • Hermann Göring

  11. Germans attack in the Battle of the Bulge – US POWS

  12. The Nazis had no time for American Prisoners! Malmedy Massacre December 1944

  13. The Evils of the Nazis Uncovered • The Holocaust at Auschwitz • Arbeit Macht Frei “Work makes one Free!” • The only escape was through the chimney.

  14. It began with simply registering, then wearing a star…how it ends up is history.

  15. Some survived till 1945!

  16. This photo was taken by an SS photographer. It is part of an album discovered after liberation by a female prisoner. Most people create family albums containing photos of their children, wives, husbands, mementos of places visited... Evidently this SS photographer was proud of the work he and his comrades were doing. The people in the photo had only just been brought from the trains where they had been crammed in cattle cars with no food, water or sanitation. Look closely at them, these were the people the Nazis considered dangerous. Not long after this photo was taken they were gassed, and their bodies burned.

  17. Some survived till 1945! The Nazis just ran out of time!

  18. I. Post War Decisions • B. War Crimes – Nuremberg Trials • 1. Trials of the major leaders of Nazi Germany. November 1945-October 1946. • 2. International Military Tribunal • 3. No one was denied due process.

  19. Herman Goering's elaborate custom suitcase bearing his coat of arms, which he took with him when he surrendered as a prisoner of war.  The interior is indicative of the opulent lifestyle of the head of the Luftwaffe. It is complete with his writing folder, brushes, mirror, various bottles and boxes, and a group of cigars.

  20. Eichmann's organizational chart of the SS, revised and corrected by Eichmann during his trial

  21. I. Post War Decisions • 4. Major Charges • - Participating in a major plan to conquer others and in the process commit war crimes and crimes against humanity. • - Violation of customs and laws of warfare: killing civilians, taking hostages, and maltreatment of prisoners of war.

  22. The Japanese war criminals appear in a series of signed photographs

  23. List of the Judges and Defendants at the Far East War Crimes Tribunals. Spectators pass to the trials.

  24. I. Post War Decisions • C. Results of Nuremberg • 1. 22 primary defendants: 11 given death, 3 acquitted, 3 given life, 4 given sentences from 10-20 years. • 2. Trials reject the argument that orders from superiors relieved people from the responsibility of war crimes.

  25. Punishments at Nuremberg • 1. Herman Goering – Next in line to Hitler. • –Death. However, he committed suicide in his cell. • 2. Rudolph Hess – Deputy minister • – Life in prison. • 3. Hans Frank – Governor of Poland during its occupation. • - Death • 4. Julius Streicher – Editor in Chief of Der Stuermer – antisemitic newspaper. • - Death • 5. Alfred Jodl – Chief of regular German Army • - Death • 6. Franz von Papen – Vice Chancellor • - Acquitted

  26. Closing Remarks by Robert Jackson – U.S.A. • The reality is that in the long perspective of history the present century will not hold an admirable position, unless its second half is to redeem its first. These two-score years in the twentieth century will be recorded in the book of years as one of the most bloody in all annals. Two World Wars have left a legacy of dead which number more than all the armies engaged in any way that made ancient or medieval history. No half century ever witnessed slaughter on such a scale, such cruelties and inhumanities, such wholesale deportations of peoples into slavery, such annihilations of minorities. Theses deeds are the overshadowing historical facts by which generations to come will remember this decade. If we cannot eliminate the causes and prevent the repetition of these barbaric events, it is not an irresponsible prophecy to say that this twentieth century may yet succeed in bringing the doom of civilization.

  27. Mahatma Gandhi • When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of truth and love have always won! • There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can seem invincible, but in the end they always fall. • Think of it------Always!

  28. Yalta Conference

  29. Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin meet for the last time.

  30. Creating the United Nations • FDR’s dream of a United Nations located in the USA is realized. • Located in New York city, the UN today plays a major role in worldwide peace keeping.

  31. General Assembly - Congress for the U.N. - One country one vote - Can only make recommendations to committees

  32. The United Nations • The General Assembly & Security Council • Security Council - Decides on issues related to war. • - 5 permanent members (U.S., USSR, China, France and Great Britain) • - One veto = no use of troops http://www.un.org/

  33. The UN Does Wage War 1950: After North Korean launched an attack across the de facto border at the 38th parallel, the Security Council passed a resolution calling on all members to assist in halting the strike. The motion gave the United States the authority to help South Korea wage war against the North, which was supported by China. 1991: The United States led a coalition of nations to dislodge Iraq from Kuwait after President Saddam Hussein ignored a U.N. threat of force if he didn’t withdraw from the tiny gulf nation, which he invaded the previous summer.

  34. Flanked by International Atomic Energy Agency head Mohamed ElBaaradei, left, the U.N.'s chief weapons inspector Hans Blix gestures outside the United Nations Security Council following a briefing on the U.N. weapons inspectors' report on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, Thursday, Jan. 9, 2003, at the United Nations in New York. Blix said weapons inspectors have found "no smoking guns" in their search for Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.

  35. UN Security Council Meeting on Iraq – March of 2003

  36. Under the Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are: • to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations; • to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction; • to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement; • to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments; • to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken; • to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression; • to take military action against an aggressor; • to recommend the admission of new Members; • to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas"; • to recommend to the GeneralAssembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.

  37. Colin Powell, Secretary of State of the United States, speaking to the UN Security Council March 10, 2003.

  38. Secretary-General Kofi Annan listens intently to members discussing the situation in Iraq in March 11, 2003’s Security Council meeting on Iraq.

  39. Mohammad Al-Douri, Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations, speaking to the UN Security Council March 10, 2003.

  40. The UN Does Make Peace(current operations with start date) Europe: Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1995; Kosovo, 1999 The Mideast: Lebanon, 1988; Iraq-Kuwait border, 1991

  41. The UN Also Has Notable Failures: Somalia: The U.S. dispatched 28,000 troops to support U.N. humanitarian efforts in the war-torn nation in 1992. But shortly after the disastrous “Blackhawk Down” episode in the capital, Mogadishu, in October 1993, in which 18 American troops were killed, the American force was withdrawn. Rwanda: The United Nations accepted responsibility for failing to stop the 1994 massacre of 800,000, mostly minority Tutsis. The United Nations had 2,500 troops in the country, but governments pulled out most of the soldiers after the 10 Belgian peacekeepers were killed and despite warnings of a likely genocide. The Balkans: A U.N. “safe haven” in Srebrenica was overrun in 1995 by Serb forces, who massacred an estimated 7,000 Bosnian Muslims. A lightly armed U.N. force from the Netherlands failed to stop the killing.

  42. 1ST Peace seeking act of UN • Peace in the former Palestine. • In 1948 the Jewish state of Israel was created. • A UN partition plan had been proposed but rejected by the Arabs. • War breaks out between the Jews and Arabs. • The country of Israel is born out of war.

  43. Israel by 1948 • The resultant territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are what we hear the most about in the news today.

  44. Finish Outlines • The Cold War Heats Up! • In class textbook assignment! • Page 760 • Work on Vocabulary • Work on Map of Europe • Iron Curtain Page 764 • NATO and Warsaw Pact Page 769

  45. Grading Policy Changes for Quarter 4 • Grades on all summative assessments will be given to individual students by averaging the class scores. • Each student will receive the average score for the class for a final grade on all summative assessments. • Everyone will have the same grade.

  46. The Cold War World War II Ends & The Cold War Begins

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