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G I S i n Res o u rces Sc i e n ce , 2013 02 Na t u ra l Res o u rce

G I S i n Res o u rces Sc i e n ce , 2013 02 Na t u ra l Res o u rce. Dep t . Resource Engineering , NCKU Le c t ured b y: D r. Ten g - T o Yu. W h at i s a n a t u ra l. resource?. Any f orm o f energy which can be used by human s.

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G I S i n Res o u rces Sc i e n ce , 2013 02 Na t u ra l Res o u rce

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  1. GISinResourcesScience,2013 02NaturalResource Dept.ResourceEngineering,NCKU Lecturedby:Dr. Teng-ToYu

  2. Whatisanatural resource? Anyformofenergywhichcanbe usedbyhumans. Thosethingsthatpeoplecomein contactwiththatmaybeusedto performanyusefulfunction. Objects,materials,creatures,or energyfoundinnaturethatcanbe puttousebyhumans.

  3. UsefulnessChanges A.Thingsthataffectour definitionofusefulness. 1.Religion-Hindu-cattle 2.Custom-Dogsasfood source. 3.TechnologyandScience

  4. WaterResources A.UseableWater 1.Earthis70%water,how muchisuseable? 2.Asapowersourcewaterwas usedtocarrylogs,floatboats,turnwaterwheels

  5. WaterResources 3.Everydayweuse300billion gallonsofwater a. 60 billiondepleted b.240billionreturntothe hydrologiccycle c.Muchisdamagedbyheat andpollutants

  6. WaterResources B.Controllingexcessrunoff 1.37stateshaveaverage annualrunoffofmorethan 10inches 2.Muchoftherainthatfalls, runsdirectlyintothesea

  7. WaterResources C.Majorwaterproblems 1.Control 2.Quality 3.Distribution

  8. OtherResources A.EnergySources 1.Mostenergycomesdirectlyor indirectlyfromthesun 2.Wind-usedtomoveourgoods andpullwaterformtheearth. A.Windmills SailingShips

  9. OtherResources 3.Coal A.Mostwidelydistributedstorehouseofthesun’senergy. B.FirstdiscoveredinAmericain 1673inIllinois.

  10. Coal C.35billiontonshavebeen producedintheUSsince miningbegan. D.Estimatereservesof2.5trilliontonofUScoal,butisa onetimeresource.

  11. OtherResources 4. Oil A.Inlate1950’sprojectedthatoilreserveswouldlast14years. B.Todayweusemoreoilbuthavegreaterstoreofknownoil- isaonetimeresource.

  12. Oil 5.NaturalGas A.Clean,efficient B.Provenreserves260trillion cubicfeet.

  13. OtherResources B.Minerals 1.Mostwidelyusedarethe metals a.Fe,Cu,Al,Mg,Pb,Zn,Sn, (Iron,Copper,Aluminum,Magnesium,Lead,andTin)

  14. OtherResources C.RecreationalResources 1.Forests,lakes,beaches,mountains,parks,game animalsandfish

  15. WhatistheNatureResource 1. 自然過程產生的天然生成物品 2. 人類需求與開發利用能力 3. 與文化背景和地域性相關連 4. 隨著社會與科技的演化而進步 5. 自然資源與自然環境的對價關係 6. 自然資源-自然科學概念-經濟學概念

  16. 自然資源的類型 自然資源 Etc 風景 空 間 Non- renewable Capital/stock RenewableIncome/flow 地熱能 間接太陽能 直接太陽能 可資循 環利用 的資源 (金屬 礦物) 利用後 變性或 毀滅(石 化燃料) 地球物理過 程(風潮汐 水流) 光和作用過程 短期一年 長期(如木 生作物 材)

  17. 自然資源的基本屬性 1. 稀缺性 2. 整體性 3. 地域性 4. 多用性 5. 變動性 6. 社會性

  18. 自然資源的性質 資源價值的相對意義 儲存性資源的性質 流動性資源的性質

  19. 資源稀缺的本質 全球性稀缺本質 地區性稀缺本質 資源分佈與經濟發展差異 地緣政治造成資源稀缺 經濟原因造成資源稀缺 環境問題造成資源稀缺

  20. 自然資源可得性的度量 儲存性自然資源可得性的度量 Resourcebase Provenreserves Conditionalreserves Hypotheticalresources Speculativeresources Ultimatelyrecoverableresources

  21. 流動性自然資源可得性的度量 Maximumresourcepotential Sustainablecapacity Absorptivecapacity Carryingcapacity

  22. 自然資源科學研究之相關理論

  23. 物質循環規律 固體運動的地質循環(土壤生成) 風化 運搬 堆積 構造

  24. 液體運動的水分循環

  25. 氣體運動的大氣循環

  26. 有機界的生物循環 耐性定律(thelawoftolerance)最小量定律:allthenecessaryelementneedtomeetthemin.requirementfor entiresystemtowork.(water,sun,soil,etctotheplantation)…… 物質不滅定律

  27. .. .‘‘ ‘ . -、 . . ,t" • 4 •" ,' •• •••• •• •• •• •• .,- •' ,' •' ,' ,' • • ," 益••,• ,' ,t ,1 ,1 ,' " ,' •' ,' ,,1" ,' .' ,' ," • ,• , ,'" ,1 ..",------_..

  28. 能量流動規律 能量守恆原理(theprincipleofthe conservationofenergy) ΔE=ΔH−Δω 能量蛻變原理(theprincipleofthe degradationofenergy)G:有用能量的變化H:環境中熱量變化S:焓的變化T:過程發生時之絕對溫度太陽輻射→苜蓿→牛→小孩 0.24%8%0.7% ΔG=ΔH−ΔTΔS

  29. 林德曼定律 在生物群體中,抵達一個給定營養水平級 上的一部份能量,可以被傳送到一個較高 營養水平級別,一般規律每一級以不超過10%的能量沿著箭頭方向傳遞到上一個營 養級,又稱為十分之一定律。證明食物鏈不 能為無限長…. 地表太陽輻射104kcal 生產者103kcal 食草動物每天102kcal 每天10 kcal 第一級食肉動物

  30. 本質上,資源的開發利用就是 物質與能量在地理環境中的轉 換過程。人類可依據這一原理,可以充分利用每種資源的各種 特性和效益,廣泛發展資源互 補與替代方面的研究。

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