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ETAAC Energy Sector

ETAAC Energy Sector. Energy Storage ------------------------ Smart Grid July 12, 2007 San Francisco, CA. Energy Storage. Electric energy storage goal of the industry

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ETAAC Energy Sector

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  1. ETAACEnergy Sector Energy Storage ------------------------ Smart Grid July 12, 2007 San Francisco, CA

  2. Energy Storage • Electric energy storage goal of the industry • Cost-effective energy storage would benefit all areas of the energy value chain: generation, transmission, distribution, and end-use • Key applications: firming large penetration of intermittent renewables, grid support, end-use load shifting, etc. • Current energy storage systems are only marginally cost competitive. Costs need to come down by factor of 2-5 times. • Need innovation and standardization as well as policy recognition. • California is best market for accelerating storage use due to technology base, clean energy emphasis (especially intermittent renewables), and leading-edge policies.

  3. Energy Storage Technologies • Many different energy storage technologies are available for use in storage for renewable integration applications • Lithium ion batteries • Sodium-Sulfur Batteries • Flow Batteries • Flywheels • Ultracapacitors • Pumped Hydro • Compressed Air Energy Storage • Lead-acid batteries • Nickel-cadmium batteries • Each technology has advantages and disadvantages • Not all of these technologies are appropriate for all applications

  4. Uses of Energy Storage

  5. MW Upward Regulation Real Time Load Real-Time Economic Dispatch Every 5 minutes Incremental Energy Decremental Energy Hour Ahead Schedule • Ancillary Services • Regulation • Spinning Reserve • Non-Spinning Reserve • Replacement Reserve • Voltage Support • Black Start capability Downward Regulation Day Ahead Schedule Time Balancing Function - Area Control

  6. Loads & Resources Source: CEC PIER-funded study by GE Energy, July 2006 Temporal Pattern: July 2003 Average Day

  7. New Records July 17: (2:41 pm) 46,561 MW July 21: (4:28 pm) 49,036 MW July 24: (2:44 pm) 50,270 MW Record Planned Capacity Level x x x Time of Record Peaks Source: CAISO July 2006 Heat Wave – Peak Hours Wind Generation Energy Production

  8. Need to Shift Some Wind Energy Production from Off-Peak to On-Peak

  9. Potential use of Flywheel Energy Storage for Area Control Error and Frequency Control

  10. 45 Vehicle-to-grid energy (V2G) 40 Typical Load Load w/ 4 mil. PHEVs 35 System Load (GW) Off-peak load 30 25 Ancillary Services available when vehicles are parked 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Plug Hybrid Electric Vehicles Complement Renewables off-peak load AM PM

  11. Dispatchability Option via Thermal Storage Solar thermal can add storage or to become more dispatchable. Actual September day w/ supplemental gas Actual June day Actual September day Parabolic Trough Solar Technology for Utility Power Markets in the Southwestern United States, Henry Price, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, August 2004

  12. Next Gen Flow Battery? Next Gen Li-ion?

  13. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

  14. CAES Geology by State

  15. Lithium Ion Battery

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