Religions along the Sand and Silk Roads

1. Religion • To Get: • Religion Note packet • Blank Map • Chrome book • To Do: • SIT IN YOUR SEAT – no group work today. • Religion Bell Ringer • Religion Guided notes using class website • Exit Slip Questions using YOUR MAP Learning Objective: • What religions grew and expanded along the sand and silk roads?

2. Bell Ringer • Watch the video and answer the exit slip questions from last class as the Bell Ringer. • Which religion spread the quickest? • What facilitated the spread of Christianity to the Americas? • Why is Africa predominately Christian and Muslim today? • Hinduism is still mainly practiced by what group of people? • Where are most Buddhists located today versus where the religion originated? How can this be explained?

3. Exit Slip: Complete on the BACK of your map Based on YOUR map answer the following: 1. Which ancient culture was closely connected to the spread of Christianity? 2. How was the spread of Hinduism, a 3,000 year old religion, connected to being an ethnic religion? 3. What is interesting about where Buddhism is mainly practiced today versus where it originated? What main trade route did it follow to get there? 4. What direction did Islam spread? Why did it spread so rapidly compared to the other religions? 5. Why was the spread of Judaism different from the other four world religions?

4. Unit 1: Staging the Question Sand and Silk – Trade and Trans Regional Interactions 1300-1750 Inquiry – creating a question that promotes deeper understanding Compelling Question: Did Trade Make People Better Off? Apply this to today – are you and your friends/family better off because of the items you consume, on a daily basis, from other regions of the world? (food, clothing, entertainment, tools, transportation, energy, etc.)

5. Supporting Question • What religions grew and expanded along the sand and silk roads? broderickvpa.weebly.com

6. Bell Ringer • Turn to pg. 700 in your textbooks. Use the table and the map located on page 700 to answer the following questions: • What world religion has the highest number of followers in the world? 2) What religion do most people in South America practice? 3) What country has the most people that practice Hinduism?

7. Guided Notes Religions of the World What questions do religions answer? How did we get here? What controls nature? What happens after we die? Most importantly What is the purpose of our lives?

9. Religion By The Numbers 1. Christianity – 2.1 Billion 2. Islam – 1.3 Billion 3. Secular/ Non-Religious – 1.1 Billion 4. Hinduism – 900 Million 5. Confucianism – 394 Million 6. Buddhism – 376 Million 12.Judaism – 14 Million

10. Categorizing Religion Ethnic: the religion of a particular people or culture (e.g., Judaism, Shinto, Hinduism) (tend to be localized and do notactively seekconverts) Universal: a religion which sees its message as true for all people (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Buddhism) (have spread throughout the world and tend to be very large in population, have actively sought converts from many cultures)

11. Theistic: focus on a personal God (mono) or gods (poly-) (god = supernatural "person,” spirit being) (most common in western religions) • Non-theistic: Ultimate Reality or ultimate goal of the religion does not involve a personal god (impersonal Ultimate Reality) (force or energy) (found mostly in the eastern religions)

12. Different Sides of Religion Western: Religions that developed west of the Urals (e.g. in the Near East and Europe): • Judaism • Christianity • Islam Eastern: Religions that developed east of the Urals (e.g., in India, China and Japan) • Hinduism • Buddhism • Confucianism

13. Western vs. Eastern Religions

14. What do Religions Have in Common? • Birth Rites • Death Rites • Marriage Rites • Place of Worship • Rules of Worship

15. Pair Work In groups of four do the following: -find in your handouts the section that matches the poster assigned -In 15 minutes, as a group, find the information requested in your handouts. -answer the questions after completing the handout broderickvpa.weebly.com

16. Spread of Hinduism

17. Introduction to Hindu Beliefs • While there appears to be many gods of Hinduism, all gods are aspects one single God. • A Hindu will honor the god most related to their lives. • They select one god and focus and worship on that one aspect of God. • As the person grows and their needs change, they will then pray to a different avatar or aspect of God. • This helps them focus during worship.

18. The Trinity All of the Hindu avatars (or Gods) are different representations of one original God, Brahman.

19. Brahma • Brahma is known as the creator of the universe. • Brahma has four heads and hands. • He holds the Vedas. • He is transported on a swan. • Brahma’s wife is Saraswati who is the goddess of learning.

20. Vishnu • Vishnu is known as the preserver of the universe. • He is the balance between creation and destruction. • When there is too much evil, Vishnu comes as an avatar to restore the balance. • He has four arms and a special sword and bow. • He rides a very large bird. • His wife is Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and beauty.

21. Shiva • Shiva is known as the destroyer of the universe. • He wears a necklace of skulls around his neck. • He rides on a bull. • He has a number of wives who represent the mother goddess, including Shakti Parvati, Kali and Uma.

22. http://www.usefulcharts.com/religion/main-hindu-gods-chart.htmlhttp://www.usefulcharts.com/religion/main-hindu-gods-chart.html

23. Sacred Texts • The Vedasare a collection of hymns and ceremonies. • The Bhagavad Gitais a poem about a conversation between avatar Krishna and a heroic warrior and many believes, shows the essence of Hinduism. • The Ramayana is an epic which describes dharma.

24. Endless Cycle Samsara – endless cycle of life, death and rebirth – seen as difficult and pointless – hope to be freed from it. Karma – Hindus believe that very bad actions can result in a person not being reborn as a human being. Moksha – release from cycle of rebirth – when one strives to replace ignorance with wisdom.

25. Hindu Worship Hindus worship in temples - one god is the focus. They believe that in the statues of these gods are the gods themselves. They bathe, dress and feed the statues. Many temples have wonderful festivals in honor of the god they host. Millions of Hindus participate in these festivals.

26. Hindu Worship Hindus also worship in their homes. They choose a family deity for daily worship rituals for that god. There are also other familial rituals for momentous occasions, such as marriage, the birth of a child, etc.

27. Yoga Yoga is a form of meditation – mental and spiritual removal from the world.

28. Caste SystemSocietal role a person is born into. Can’t escape.

29. Transmigration of the Soul samsara The journey of the soul through striving to achieve dharma, kharma, and the desire to be freed from samsara.

30. Dharma • Dharma –caste role a person must fill • Good Dharma means you move up, bad means you move down.

31. Sacred Hindu Sites Rivers are sacred locations that represent the cycle of life. The most sacred river, The Ganges, is 1,569 miles in length and is a pilgrimage site for praying, cleansing rituals and cremation burials. Supplies water to nearly 4 million people

32. Spread of Hinduism

33. Spread of Buddhism

34. Buddha Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in c. 520 BC India. The man who became known as Buddha was born in 563 BC and was the prince of a small kingdom in modern-day Nepal. He was raised in luxury, but wanted to know more of the world, so at the age of 29, he set out to find the way to be released from the cycles of reincarnation.

35. Immovable SpotBodhi Tree Legend has it that he sat under a tree to meditate on what he had learned. He remained there for 49 days while being tempted by demons. It was there that he “awoke” as he put it and was transformed into the Buddha. He then wanted to share this knowledge with the rest of the world.

36. Buddha’s daily life Buddha moved around India teaching, counseling and preaching for almost half of a century. He would teach nine months out of the year and then retreat with the group of monks he had formed for the remaining three. Each day he would meditate three times. He is noted for being a kind man who was not afraid to stand up against the caste system in India. The Buddha eventually died in 483 BC.

37. Tripitaki Koreana • Oldest, most complete and preserved set of Buddhist teachings. • Carved onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks in the 13th century • Each block took between 3-6 months to create!

38. Reincarnation • Samsara: • People are reborn after dying. • In reincarnation, the individual may recur repeatedly. • In rebirth, a person does not necessarily return to Earth as the same entity ever again. (tree leaf)

39. Karma • Teaches that similar actions will lead to similar results. • If we do a wholesome action, eventually we will get a wholesome fruit, and if we do an unwholesome action eventually we will get an unwholesome, painful result.

40. Nirvana Texts The ultimate goal for a Buddhist is to be released from the cycle of rebirth. A person can attain nirvana and continue to live. - Abandoning craving, desire, hatred, hunger, thirst, exhaustion, fear, doubt, and delusions Buddha did not write down his teachings. The lessons he gave were passed down through an oral history. His teachings were finally written down 300 years after his death.

41. The Four Noble TruthsIdeas that a person must accept to become Buddhist 1. Life is suffering. 2. All suffering is caused by tanha (attachment) 3. Tanha can be overcome. 4. The way to overcome it is through the eightfold path.

42. The Eightfold PathActions a person must take 1. Right knowledge • Right intent • Right speech • Right conduct • Right livelihood • Right effort • Right mindfulness • Right concentration The guidelines you should follow to live a good life. Write down two examples in your notes.

43. The Monk’s Way: Five Precepts • Do not take the life of anything living • Do not take anything not freely given • Abstain from sexual misconduct and sensual overindulgence • Refrain from untrue speech • Avoid intoxication, that is, losing mindfulness A monk will follow the five precepts to achieve Nirvana. Write down two of these in your notes. Originally, Buddha forbid women to become monks. Later, he allowed it so long as a woman studied under a man.

44. Split

45. Buddhist areas Theravada – India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. Zen – China, Japan, Taiwan, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea and Vietnam.

46. The Dalai Lama • Believed to be the reincarnation of Avalokiteśvara, embodiment of all the compassion of the buddhas • The 14th Dalai Lama is currently serving • Upon the death of the Dalai Lama, the monks go in search of his reincarnation. Proof of this usually comes from a child being familiar with the previous Dalai Lama

47. The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso

48. Spread of Buddhism

50. Judaism