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Lavoisier, Proust, Berthollet , and the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions

Lavoisier, Proust, Berthollet , and the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions. Madeleine Scriber And Sydney Tress. Antoine Lavoisier. August 26, 1743-  May 8, 1794 Born in Paris, France Studied at College des Quatre Nations Attended College Mazarin

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Lavoisier, Proust, Berthollet , and the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions

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  1. Lavoisier, Proust, Berthollet, and the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions Madeleine Scriber And Sydney Tress

  2. Antoine Lavoisier

  3. August 26, 1743-  May 8, 1794 • Born in Paris, France • Studied at College des Quatre Nations • Attended College Mazarin • Colleague: Guillaume-Francois Rouelle • Won a prize on lighting the streets of Paris • Designed a new method for preparing saltpeter. • Studied the nature of combustion and devised a system of naming elements Lavoisier Biography

  4. “Father of Modern Chemistry” • He published a documentary, Traité Elémentaire de Chimie • Denied the existence of Phlogiston • Establishment of the Law of Conservation of Mass Lavoisier Biography Continued

  5. Replica of Lavoisier's calorimeter, a piece of equipment for measuring the amount of heat produced by combustion Used to investigate combustion. Lavoisier called the gas oxygen Replica of apparatus for hydrogen combustion experiment, made from a sketch by Madame Lavoisier Lavoisier Lab Apparatus

  6. They proposed new names for elements. The need for an international nomenclature consistently reflecting the composition of substances became aware to Lavoisier. • Before Lavoisier the language used in chemical texts was full of inconsistencies, imprecision and double meanings. Lavoisier and Berthollet

  7. Joseph Proust

  8. September 26, 1754- July 5, 1826 • Born in Angers, France • Taught Chemistry School at Sergovia and the University of Salamanca in Spain • Chemical analysts • Discovered that each pure compound has its own characteristic elemental composition. • He put hydrogen into the realm of science was disproving Berthollet with the law of definite proportions Proust Biography

  9. first accumulated conclusive evidence for it in a series of researches on the composition of many substances, especially the oxides of iron • Law of Constant Proportions: known for helping prove the idea that every pure chemical compound consists of elements in a definite proportion • Rival: Berthollet Proust Biography Continued

  10. Claude Louis Berthollet

  11. December 9, 1748- November 6, 1822 • Born in Talloires, France • Started his studies at Chambéry and then in Turin where he graduated in medicine. • Active participant of the Academy of Science in 1780 • Rival: Proust • He first produced a modern bleaching liquid in 1789 in his laboratory in Paris, France, by passing chlorine gas through a solution of sodium carbonate. Berthollet Biography

  12. Known for his scientific contributions to theory of chemical equilibrium. • First to demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine gas. • First determined the elemental composition of ammonia. • First proved that chemical reactions and affinities are dependent upon physical factors, such as mass and temperature. Berthollet Biography Continued

  13. Burette, a common laboratory apparatus for carrying out titration, an important experimental technique in equilibrium and analytical chemistry. Berthollet Lab Apparatus

  14. Stated that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed • It brought to the end the misconception of the existence of Phlogiston. • An entire class of substances does not follow this rule. The compounds are called non-stiochiometric compounds. • also named berthollides in his honor. Laws of Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions

  15. "Antoine Lavoisier." Antoine Lavoisier. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/antoine_lavoisier.htm>. • "Joseph Proust." Joseph Proust. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.vzhang.com/vzfiles/joseph_proust.htm>. • "Claude-Louis Berthollet (French Chemist)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62812/Claude-Louis-Berthollet>. • Dingrando, Laurel. "Law of Definite Proportions." Chemistry: Matter and Change. New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005. 75. Print. Bibliography

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