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The Origins of Islam: There is no god but God

The Origins of Islam: There is no god but God. I. Arabia at the Time of Muhammad. A. Trade Routes of Southwestern Outer Eurasia: Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Arabia 1. Sea and caravan routes 2. Importance of Mecca. Arabia and Its Environs in Early 7 th Century.

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The Origins of Islam: There is no god but God

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  1. The Origins of Islam:There is no god but God

  2. I. Arabia at the Time of Muhammad • A. Trade Routes of Southwestern Outer Eurasia: Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Arabia • 1. Sea and caravan routes • 2. Importance of Mecca

  3. Arabia and Its Environs in Early 7th Century

  4. Arabia and the Near East

  5. Indian Ocean Trade

  6. Arabia in the Early 7th Century

  7. “Camels with Howdah” (1855) by Emile Rouergue

  8. A caravan crossing Ad Dahna desert

  9. Dromedary, importance of

  10. Purebred Arabian stallion

  11. “The horse of Mustapha Pasha” (ca. 1810), by Antoine-Jean Gros

  12. Carl Raswan (1893−1966) on an Anazeh warmare in the Ruala camp (ca. 1930)

  13. Artist’s Depiction of Mecca at the Time of Muhammed ca. 600

  14. Mecca in 1850

  15. Artist’s Depiction of a Street Scene in Mecca ca. 600

  16. Kaaba

  17. Prophet Muhammad at the Kaaba, The Life of the ProphetTopkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul (Inv. 1222/123b), illustration by Nakkaş Osman [c. 1595].

  18. I. Arabia at the Time of Muhammad • B. Clan Relations • 1. Tribal groupings in Arabia • 2. Quraysh of the Hollow • C. Role of Muhammad

  19. Major tribal groups of Arabia in the early 7th century

  20. Quraysh of the Hollow, 5th-6th Centuries

  21. QURAYSH CLANS • Clans of Quraysh divided into 3 main groups: • A B C • Hasim Abd Shams Makhzum • Al-Muttalib Nawful Sahm • Zuhrah Asad Jumah • Taym Amir Abd ad-Dar • Al-Harith ibn Fihr • Adi

  22. The Origins of Islam:There is no god but God • II. Principles and Tenets of the Religion • A. Five Pillars of Islam • B. Important People, Places, and Events • C. Sufism (Suf- < “wool” [?])

  23. A. Five Pillars of Islam • 1. Shahada — “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his messenger” • 2. Salat (Salah)— prayer toward Mecca five times a day • 3. zakat — alms (2½% of income above that for your own needs) • 4. Sawn — fasting during the month of Ramadan • 5. hajj — pilgrimage to Mecca; ihram; tawaf

  24. Salat (Salah)

  25. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 1. Muhammad (570–632) — last and greatest of the prophets of God • 2. Mecca — birthplace of Muhammad • 4. Hijra (622) — flight from Mecca to Yathrib

  26. Kaaba at the heart of Mecca. As the night goes on pilgrims visiting the Holy House

  27. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 1. Muhammad (570–632) — “last and greatest of the prophets of God” • a. Revelation in cave of Hira (611) • b. Night journey (621)

  28. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 2. Mecca — birthplace of Muhammad • a. Ka’aba — “cube” built by Ibrahim (Abraham) and Ismail (Ishmael) • b. Zamzam — well found by Ismail and Hagar • c. Jabal nur — site of first revelation • d. Mina — three pillars of the devil

  29. Jabal nur

  30. Cave of Hira

  31. Tent city on the plain at Mina

  32. Pilgrims stone the jamrah (stoning the devil)

  33. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 3. Hijra (622) — flight from Mecca to Yathrib • a. date of beginning of Muslim calendar • b. Yathrib later renamed Medina (Medinat un-Nabi = City of the Prophet)

  34. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 4. Battle of Badr (624) − Abu Sufyan • 5. Battle of Uhud (625) • − Khalid ibn al-Walid • − Hind bint Utbah • − Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib • 6. Seige of Yathrib (627) − “Battle of the Trench” • 7. Mecca falls (630)

  35. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 8. Qur’an (or Koran) — the word of God • 9. Hadith — sayings of Muhammad • 10. jihad — struggle (external and internal)

  36. Battle of Badr (March 17, 624)

  37. Battle of Uhud (March 19, 625)

  38. Battle of the Trench

  39. B. Important People, Places, and Events • 9. Hadith — sayings of Muhammad • a. silsilah — chain of authority • 10. jihad — struggle (external and internal)

  40. C. Sufism (Suf- < “wool” [?]) • 1. Central practice — dhikr — “remembrance” • a. stirring the heart — heart as epistemological organ • b. piercing the solar plexus (seat of the ego) • c. movements of the head • d. repeating the shahada: “La ilaha illa ’llah.” • –understood as “There is nothing but God” • 2. Nothing in this ephemeral world is real except God • 3. God is closer to you than the carotids; God is within you

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