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MSU Fuel Production from Wastewater Rafael Hernandez, Todd French, Mark Bricka, and Mark White

MSU Fuel Production from Wastewater Rafael Hernandez, Todd French, Mark Bricka, and Mark White Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering Mississippi State University. Methyl Alcohol. Biodiesel (FAMEs). Glycerine. Biodiesel Production. Base (NaOH). LIPIDS:

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MSU Fuel Production from Wastewater Rafael Hernandez, Todd French, Mark Bricka, and Mark White

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  1. MSU Fuel Production from Wastewater Rafael Hernandez, Todd French, Mark Bricka, and Mark White Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering Mississippi State University Sustainable Research Energy Center

  2. Methyl Alcohol Biodiesel (FAMEs) Glycerine Biodiesel Production Base (NaOH) LIPIDS: Plant Oils and/or Animal Fats (Triglycerides and Free Fatty Acids) + + 10 to 1 Production of Biodiesel over Glycerine (v/v) Biodiesel Ready For Use In Diesel Engines Glycerine Used for Chemical Production or Pharmaceutical Use & Sustainable Research Energy Center

  3. Biodiesel Industry: Present and Future Challenges • Total US BD usage is ~75 Mgal/yr • US uses ~75 Bgal/yr of Petro-Diesel • Total oleochemical production capacity is ~500 Mgal/yr • More than 70% of current biodiesel production cost is the feedstock • There is a glut of crude glycerine in the market • Current price of crude glycerine is ~$0.01/lb compared to $0.60/lb in 2000. • Many biodiesel producers are storing crude glycerine Sustainable Research Energy Center

  4. Cracking of Wastewater Treatment Solids: An Innovative Industrial Feedstock Sewage Plant Sludges have ~25% Lipids Literally Billions of Pounds Per Year Pose a Significant Disposal Challenge Sustainable Research Energy Center

  5. Primary Sludge Headworks Forced Main Influent blending Grit Removal Grit Dewatering & Thickening Primary Clarification Influent Wastewater Biosolids Influent Primary Solids Dewatering Finished Effluent to Discharge Secondary Clarification Aeration Tank Biogas Effluent Thickened Waste Sludge Air Thickening Waste Sludge Recycled Biomass Solids Anaerobic Digestor Sustainable Research Energy Center

  6. Sludge Extractions(Sludge from conventional WWTF) • Primary and secondary sludges from the Tuscaloosa Wastewater Treatment Facility have been extracted and converted into fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) • Yields of 1 gallon FAMEs/100 lbs of sludge and 2 gallons of FAMEs/100 lbs of sludge were obtained for secondary and primary sludge, respectively.

  7. Biodiesel Yield Projections • For a City of 100,000 people: • 125,000 gallons of neat BD can be produced per year • Need a city of 16 M people to produce 20 M gallons BD • If 70% of the total US population is used, then: • 260 M gallons of neat BD can be produced per year • The proposed process has the potential to generate 1.5 billion gallons of biodiesel (using 70% of the US population)

  8. Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A New Source of Crude WTFs could be modified to generate large quantities of lipids for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals. There is at least a WTF in every State of the Nation Sustainable Research Energy Center

  9. Objectives • Transform the daily disposal of industrial and domestic organics into large quantities of lipids using micro organisms • Integrate the sugar, and thermochemical platforms for producing biodiesel, JP-Fuels, gasoline, and chemicals Sustainable Research Energy Center

  10. Envisioned Process: The New Biorefineries Sustainable Research Energy Center

  11. Carbon Source Lipid % Dextrose 14.2 Xylose 5.4 Glycerol 19.0 Dextrose + Glycerol 16.0 Xylose + Glycerol 11.8 Xylose + Dextrose 16.8 Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Microbial Oil

  12. The Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis • Means “red glutton” • Aerobic, oleaginous (oil-producing) yeast • High methyl ester yield1,2 • Breaks down carbon oxygen demand (COD) in waste streams2,3 • Granger, L-M; et al. Biotech. & Bioengineering, 1993, 42, 1151-1156 • Zheng, S; et al. Bioresource Tech., 2005, 96, 1522-1524 • Xue, F; et al. Process Biochem., 2006, 41, 1699-1702

  13. Fatty Acid Yeast Rape Canola Tallow Soy Caproic (6:0) 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Myristic (14:0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 Palmitic (16:0) 45.0 2.2 4.0 23.3 9.9 Stearic (18:0) 21.0 0.9 2.4 17.9 3.6 Oleic (18:1) 23.0 12.6 65.0 38.0 19.1 Linoleic (18:2) 0.0 12.1 17.3 0.0 55.6 Linolenic (18:3) 0.0 8.0 7.8 0.0 10.2 Elcosenoic (20:1) 0.0 7.4 1.3 0.0 0.2 Behenic (22:0) 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.3 Erucic (22:1) 0.0 49.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 Fatty Acid Composition

  14. Growth of R. glutinis and C. curvatus on Sewage

  15. The Yeast • Oleaginous microorganisms can accumulate more than 50% of their dry weight in oil. • Autoclave wastewater does not contain compounds that inhibit the growth of oleaginous microorganisms. • Secondary sludge oil yield may be increase by a factor of 8 (8 gallons of FAMEs/100 lbs sludge) using these microbes • Wastewater treatment facilities has the potential of generating 7 billions gallons of oil per year

  16. Regional, National, and International Impacts • Significant reduction (30%-70%) of phosphorus and nitrate in the extracted sludge, and consequently, minimization of eutrofication episodes. • Production of billions of gallons of oil for producing biodiesel and other green fuels • Price stabilization of oils marketed for producing biodiesel • More biodiesel production and less distances travel for transporting fuel reduce air pollutants emissions and public health risks • Generation of Class A Biosolids • A source of oil not competing with the food market • Provide developing countries with the reason for building secondary treatment plants – pays to treat sewage

  17. QUESTIONS? Sustainable Research Energy Center

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