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Centra Dogma Primer

Centra Dogma Primer. Structure of DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids made of nucleotides G , A, T/U, C Ribose vs. deoxyribose Template-dependent synthesis Double helix Complementary pairing, A = T, G = C Genetic code Order of nucleotides specifies amino acids. DNA Double Helix.

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Centra Dogma Primer

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  1. Centra Dogma Primer

  2. Structure of DNA and RNA • Nucleic acids made of nucleotides • G, A, T/U, C • Ribose vs. deoxyribose • Template-dependent synthesis • Double helix • Complementary pairing, A = T, G = C • Genetic code • Order of nucleotides specifies amino acids

  3. DNA Double Helix

  4. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • DNA makes RNA makes protein • DNA is transcribed into mRNA (nucleus) which is translated into protein (cytoplasm) • Transcription of genes relies on the interaction of DNA binding proteins with the regulatory elements of the gene (promoter) • Some genes are activated in all cell types (housekeeping genes) and are regulated by ubiquitous promoters) • Some genes are activated in a restricted manner (tissue-specific genes) and are regulated by tissue-specific promoter and enhancer sequences

  5. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • Pre-mRNA matures by splicing (the removal of intervening sequences) and polyadenylation (the addition of poly A tracts to the 3’ end), processes believed to stabilize mRNA and assist in its transport to the cytoplasm • Some mRNA transcripts are differentially splicedgiving rise to proteins which may have different functions

  6. Central Dogma • Gene Expression • Translation of mature mRNA occurs in the cytoplasmand involves the interaction with tRNAand rRNAcomplexes • Codonsdictate where translation starts (AUG), stops (UAA, UAG, UGA), and which amino acidsto incorporate into the growing polypeptide chain • Any mutations which have resulted in the additionor removal of nucleotides can alter thereading frame resulting in the translation of non- sense proteins or premature termination oftranslation.

  7. Proteins and Biological Function • Proteins are end products of gene expression • “Limitless” variety possible • n20 • Conformation determined by linear order of amino acids • Many functions • Enzymes • Immunoglobulins • Structural proteins • Mobility • Many more

  8. Play Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3HVVi2k2No

  9. Videos • RNAi discovered • RNAi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMlv8qexahU • PCR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xe27o3K_DbU • rtPCR (funny) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qODtx25SXfo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5udFjWDM3E

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