Jackson vs. the Second Bank of the United States

1. Jackson vs. the Second Bank of the United States

2. felt that coin was the only safe currency. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. suspicious of expansion & speculation. intense dislike for Director Nicholas Biddle state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. Reasons For Opposition to the Bank

3. Jackson Destroys the BUS • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd Bank of the United States. • Government money put in “pet banks”; state banks run by Jackson supporters • 1836  the charter expired.

4. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

5. Results of the Jackson’s Actions Economy begins to decline; results in the “Panic of 1837” Jackson censured by the Senate for his handling of government money Banking instability for the rest of the 19th century The “Species Circular”

6. The Specie Circular (1836) Designed to restrain “wildcat banks.” Can buy future federal land only with gold or silver. Jackson’s goal: prevent paper currency issue by wildcat banks

7. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes lose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

8. 1832 Election • Clay vs. Jackson • Rise of third parties: the Anti-Masonic Party Innovations: the platform the convention method of nominating candidates William Wirt

9. 1832 Election Results Main Issues: Tariff and “King Andrew”

10. An 1832 Cartoon “KingAndrew”

11. “Protector and Defender” of the Indians Moving Indians for “their own safety” Jackson’s Attitude Toward the Indians

12. Jackson vs. the Indians • Jackson’s policy: removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma); land necessary for white expansion • 1830  Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA (1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

13. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

14. Indian Removal

15. The Trail of Tears 1836 - 1839

16. Mexican ownership of the area; allows entrepreneurs like Stephen F. Austin to settle Texas TEXAS!

17. TEXAS! Causes of the Texas Revolution: Santa Anna begins enforcement of Mexican laws Secret support from pro-slavery factions Secret support from Jackson i.e. $$$, weapons and Sam Houston Illegal immigration from the United States

18. March 2, 1836: The Texas Declaration of Independence

19. Texas Declaration of Independence

20. The Alamo

21. The Battle of the Alamo

22. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

23. Remember the Alamo!(Don’t forget to visit the gift shop!)

24. San Jacinto April 21st, 1836 Santa Anna surrenders wearing uniform of a private Reneges on promises upon return to Mexico Jackson threatens retaliation if TX is invaded

25. The Republic of Texas 1836 - 1845

26. The Whigs (1835 -1853) Made up of: Northern industrialists Southern planters nationalists evangelicals #1 factor: opposed to Jackson The Formation of the Whigs

27. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]

28. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before his death) 1767 - 1845

29. Causes of the Panic: Destruction of the BUS Collapse of the “wildcat” banks Farm foreclosures Van Buren blamed for the Panic Martin Van Buren and the Panic of 1837

30. The 1840 Election Van Buren (D) vs. Harrison (W) Harrison made to look like poor Western farmer and war hero “Log Cabins and Hard Cider” “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!”

32. 19th Century Reform • What changes in American society took place in the early 19th century that made it a time of reform? Explain the origins and results of three 19th century reform movements. You may work with a partner.