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HYDROCARBONS

HYDROCARBONS. CHAPTER 3. HYDROCARBON. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only the elements of carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes have only C − C single bonds and no functional Group . Ethane, CH3CH3, is a simple alkane .

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HYDROCARBONS

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  1. HYDROCARBONS CHAPTER 3

  2. HYDROCARBON Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only the elements of carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes have only C− C single bonds and no functional Group. Ethane, CH3CH3, is a simple alkane. Alkenes have a C ═C double bond as their functional group. Ethylene, CH2═CH2, is a simple alkene. Alkynes have a C ≡C triple bond as their functional group. Acetylene, HC ≡CH, is a simple alkyne. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a benzene ring, a six-membered ring with three double bonds.

  3. HYDROCARBON

  4. HYDROCARBON All hydrocarbons other than alkanes contain multiple bonds. Alkanes, which have no functional groups and therefore no reactive sites, are notoriously unreactive except under very drastic conditions. For example, polyethylene is a synthetic plastic and high molecular weight alkane, consisting of long chains of CH2 groups bonded together, hundreds or even thousands of atoms long. Because it has no reactive sites, it is a very stable compound that does not readily degrade and thus persists for years in landfills.

  5. COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A SINGLE BOND TO A HETEROATOM Several types of functional groups contain a carbon atom singly bonded to a heteroatom. Common examples include alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, and amines

  6. COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A SINGLE BOND TO A HETEROATOM Always dissect it into small pieces to identify the functional groups. For example, diethyl ether, the first general anesthetic, is an ether because it has an O atom bonded to two C’s. Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), the active component in marijuana, is also an ether because it contains an O atom bonded to two carbon atoms. In this case the O atom is also part of a ring.

  7. COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A SINGLE BOND TO A HETEROATOM

  8. SEATWORK

  9. SOLUTION

  10. Carbonyl compounds include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. The type of atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon—hydrogen, carbon, or a heteroatom—determines the specific class of carbonyl compound.

  11. Carbonyl compounds occur widely in nature, and many are responsible for the characteristic odoror flavor of the fruits

  12. EXERCISES

  13. SOLUTION

  14. PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

  15. SOLUBILITY

  16. SEATWORK

  17. SEATWORK

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