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A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer. Invited Talk Grid on the Go Workshop NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL May 21, 2001. The Emerging Planetary Scale Grid. Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses

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A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

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  1. A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer Invited Talk Grid on the Go Workshop NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL May 21, 2001

  2. The Emerging Planetary Scale Grid • Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime • Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses • Vast Increase in Internet End Points • Embedded Processors • Sensors and Actuators • Information Appliances • Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber • Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer • Storage of Data Everywhere • Scalable Computing Power

  3. The Next Wave of the Internet Will Extend IP Throughout the Physical World This is the Research Context for the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Materials and Devices Team, UCSD

  4. UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology • 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers • Layered Structure • Materials and Devices • Networked Infrastructure • Interfaces and Software • Strategic Applications • Policy • New Funding Model (4 Years) • State $100M • Industry $140M • Private $30 M • Campus $30M • Federal $100-200M • Total $400-500M • One of Four Awarded

  5. The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure • Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure • Bottom Up • Completely Decentralized • Self-Assembling • Use at Your Own Risk • Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment • Examples • NSFnetInternet • NCSA MosaicWeb • NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage • SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing • IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet

  6. Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today • Create Wireless Internet “Watering Holes” • Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains • Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps • Security and Authentication can be Added • But, it is Shared and Local • Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools? • MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major Hotels, Restaurants, … • UCSD—Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops…

  7. The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network • Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment • Add New Science Sensor Arrays • Instrument Civil Infrastructure • Try Out New Wireless Technologies • Data Analysis • Outreach and Education NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone

  8. Roadmap to 3rd Generation Wireless (3G) • Huge Capital Investments Already Made (Particularly in Europe) • More Investments Required for Spectrum • Differential Roll-Out Around the World

  9. High Data Rate (HDR)A 2.5G Bridge to the Future • Qualcomm’s High Data Rate (HDR) • Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream • Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down • Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data • Can Share Existing CDMA Deployed Infrastructure • Can be Installed in Current Cell Phones, Laptops, etc. • CDMA2000, High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Spec. • Telecommunications Industry Assoc. Spec. TIA/EIA/IS-856 • Also known as 1xEV • Based on HDR • UCSD/CalIT2 Has HDR Antennas Deployed & Working • Testbed for Wide Area Broadband Wireless • Use as WAN to 802.11 LAN

  10. HDR Provides an Early View of Broadband Wireless Internet

  11. New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development • Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) • Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets • Middleware Between • the Application and the Chip System Source Code • Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) • Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently, • Supports Integration of Java™ Applications • Different Model of Security from JAVA www.qualcomm.com/brew/

  12. Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as Planned? • The Economics of Telecom • The Huge Debt Load • The Investment in 3G Buildout • Is There a Business Case to Recoup?      • Technological Breakouts • IEEE 802.11 Buildout • Will It Skim the Cream off 3G?         • 2.5G Can Deploy Now (Sprint PCS) • Will 3G Standardize in Europe, Asia, US?        

  13. Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic Research Discipline Center for Wireless Communications Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS COMMUNICATION THEORY Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End QoS Hand-Off Changing Environment Protocols Multi-Resolution RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials Modulation Channel Coding Multiple Access Compression Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays Source: UCSD CWC

  14. Creating Tiny and Inexpensive Wireless Internet Sensors Combining… Fluids Stresses and Strains 0.1 mm Optics and Lasers UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility

  15. Integrating MEMS Sensors With Computing, Storage, & Communication Protocol Stacks Wireless RTOS Network Transport Data Link Protocols SW/HW/Sensor/RF Co-design Reconfiguration Physical sensors Protocol Processors Reconf. Logic RF Memory DSP Processors SoC Design Methodologies Applications SW/Silicon/MEMS Implementation Internet Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

  16. As Our Bodies Move On-LineBioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge • New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill • Battery, Light, & Video Camera • Images Stored on Hip Device • Next Step—Putting You On-Line! • Wireless Internet Transmission • Key Metabolic and Physical Variables • Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars • Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine • Combine • Genetic Code • Body Data Flow • Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques www.givenimaging.com www.bodymedia.com

  17. Wireless Sensors Will Allow Instrumentation of Critical Civil Infrastructure New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links Cal-(IT)2 Will Develop and Install Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management Control Rooms Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

  18. The Perfect Storm:Convergence of Engineering with BioMed, Physics, & IT Nanogen MicroArray 500x Magnification VCSELaser 2 mm MEMS Human Rhinovirus IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper NANO 400x Magnification 5 nanometers Requires New Clean Room Facilities

  19. Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics VCSEL + Near-field polarizer : Efficient polarization control,mode stabilization, and heat management Near-field coupling between pixels in Form-birefringent CGH (FBCGH) 1.0 TE FBCGH possesses dual-functionality such as focusing and beam steering TM 0.8 0.6 Reflectivity 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 Wavelength ( m m) Micro polarizer 1.0 VCSEL FBCGH Information I/O through surface wave, guided wave,and optical fiber from near-field edge and surface coupling 0.8 TM 0th order efficiency 0.6 Grating coupler Near-field coupling 0.4 Near-field E-O coupler RCWA Fiber tip Transparency Theory 0.2 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 +V -V 1.0 m Thickness ( m) 0.8 Near-field E-O Modulator + micro-cavity 0.6 TM Efficiency 0.4 Near-field E-O modulator controls optical properties and near-field micro-cavity enhances the effect 0.2 0.0 20 30 40 Angle (degree) Composite nonlinear, E-O, and artificial dielectric materials control and enhance near-field coupling Source: Shaya Fainman, UCSD

  20. Why the Grid is the Future Scientific American, January 2001

  21. The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software • Commodity Internet, Internet2 • CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN2, Dig. Cal. • PACI Distributed Terascale Facility Wireless WAN SDSC • High-speed optical core Eng. / Cal-(IT)2 CS Hosp Med Chem • Wireless LANs ½ Mile SIO Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

  22. Near Term Goal:Build an International Lambda Grid • Establish PACI High Performance Network • SDSC to NCSA LambdaNet for DTF • Link to: • State Dark Fiber • Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks • Campus Optical Grids • International Optical Research Networks • NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For: • Scientific Applications • Network Research

  23. Optically Linked High Resolution Data Analysis and Crisis Management Facilities • Large-Scale Immersive Displays • Panoram Technology • Fiber Links Between SIO, SDSC, SDSU • Cox Communication • Optical Switching • TeraBurst Networks • Driven by Data-Intensive Applications • Seismic and Civil Infrastructure • Water Environmental System • Integrate Access Grid for Collaboration SDSC SIO

  24. Attack of the Killer MicrosFrom Vector SMPs to Intel Clusters Cray X-MP ASCI Red PC Clusters IBM SP TMC CM-5 RISC Processors Time Linux Clusters Intel Processors

  25. Peer-to-Peer Computing and StorageIs a Transformational Technology The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing signifies a revolution in connectivity that will be as profound to the Internet of future as Mosaic was to the Web of the past.” –Patrick Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.

  26. Grid Computing (Condor) For Quantum Monte Carlo Materials Codes Input Output Condor ... Clone 1 Clone M Clone 2 • Pool of Workstations: Condor Carries Out the Management, Distribution, Monitoring and Checkpointing • Very Coarse-Grain Parallelism: Parameter Scans, Independent Searches, Monte Carlo • Each Clone: Independent Random Number Streams - “Grand Averages” Evaluated at the Very End UW Pool ~ 800 Workstations Www.Cs.Wisc.Edu/condor NCSA/BI Pool ~ 40 Workstations - Capable of Providing Free 9000 SGI CPU- Hours Per Month Torelli, Mitas, Nano Team + Livny, UW Madison

  27. Entropia’s Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop in Only Two Years The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search (GIMPS) Found the First Million Digit Prime www.entropia.com Eight 1000p IBM Blue Horizons Deployed in Over 80 Countries

  28. SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers • Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day • Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! • 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7 • Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis • Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope Arecibo Radio Telescope

  29. Extending the Grid to Planetary Dimensions Using Distributed Computing and Storage AutoDock Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 20,000 PCs Nearly 3 Million CPU-Hours Computed In Silico Drug Design Art Olson, TSRI

  30. Monte Carlo Cellular Microphysiology From IBM Blue Horizon to the Grid • PROJECT LEADERS • Francine D. Berman • UC San Diego • Terrence J. Sejnowski • Salk Institute for Biological Studies • PARTICIPANTS • Dorian ArnoldJack DongarraRichard Wolski • University of Tennessee • Thomas M. BartolLin-Wei Wu • Salk Institute for Biological Studies • Henri CasanovaMark H. EllismanMaryann Martone • UC San Diego Rendered by Tom Bartol of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies & Joel Stiles of Cornell University using Pixar PhotoRealistic RenderMan • Neurotransmitter Activity • Leading to Muscle Contraction • MCell Simulated: • The Transmission of 6,000 Molecules of the Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Cyan Specks) • In a Reconstructed Mouse Sternomastoid Neuromuscular Junction • Containing Acetylcholinesterase (White Spheres). www.npaci.edu/envision/v16.4/mcell.html

  31. The Emerging Planetary Supercomputer • Napster Meets SETI@Home • Distributed Computing and Storage • Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years • Average Speed Ten Gigaflop • Average Free Storage 100 GB • Planetary Computer Capacity • 100 Petaflop Speed • 1 Exabyte Storage • Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for Mobile Clients

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