EOC-LAB REVIEW Using your lab write-ups, fill in the information for each lab that we have completed this semester. Spe

1. EOC-LAB REVIEWUsing your lab write-ups, fill in the information for each lab that we have completed this semester. Specific information is requested for each lab because it will be featured on your EOC.

2. Heart Rate Lab: In this lab which factor was the: IV: body activity (causes) DV: pulse rate (effect) Control: sitting, standing, running

3. Paper chromatography Describe the process of Chromatography chemical is put on leave & pigments separate.

4. pH of Household chemicals Draw the Ph scale: What ions make something acidic? Give some ex: H+ lemon juice What ions make something basic? Give some ex: OH- detergent

5. Testing Organic Compounds What reagent do we use to test for sugars & describe a positive test. Benedict�s; red-yellow-orange What reagent to we use to test for starch & describe a positive test. Iodine; bluish-black

6. Testing Organic Compounds What reagent to we use to test for lipids & describe a positive test. Paper towel; translucent spot What reagent to we use to test for proteins & describe a positive test. Biurets; violet What is needed to make organic compounds? C, H

7. Carbohydrate Paper Lab What elements make up all carbohydrates? C,H,O What ratio are the elements in carbohydrates found in? How does that ratio compare to the ratio in water? 2:1, same in water

8. Chemical bonds are formed between atoms, what is the purpose of chemical bonds? To hold atoms together What does the word carbohydrate mean? Sugar, or starch

9. What are three monosaccharides & what is their formula? Glucose, fructose, galatactose,C6H12O6 What are your three dissacharides & what is their formula? Maltose, sucrose, lactose, C12H220O11 What are three polysaccharides that we talked about in class & their functions? Starch (storage for plants) Cellulose(cell walls of plants), chitin (fungi) Glycogen (storage for animals)

13. Chemistry of Lipids Fats & Protein What are the building blocks of lipids? Glycerol, fatty acids (3) What are the building blocks of Proteins? Amino acids

14. Organic Compound Table What are the building blocks of: Carbohydrates- monosaccharides Lipids-glycerol Proteins- amino aids Nucleic Acids- nucleotides

15. Reusable Enzyme Lab What was the enzyme in the lab & how did you know? Peroxidase, it broke down liver What was the substrate in the lab & how did you know? Peroxide, it was broken down Why did the test tube feel warm during the reaction? The enzyme was breaking down

16. What factors could effect enzyme activity? pH, temperature What pH range would an enzyme that is found in acidic environments (like your stomach) work best? 2-3

17. Enzyme Temperature Lab What effect does temperature have an enzyme activity? It slows it down or speed it up Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble when it touches the beef liver? It�s the enzyme Why does hydrogen peroxide bubble when it touches your skin? It is breaking down

18. What were the bubbles produced in this lab? O2 What were the products of this enzymatic reaction? CO2

19. What is the relationship between enzyme activity & temperature? The higher the enzyme until after max range the better. Describe the reaction that occurred with the enzyme placed into the hot water? It had slow or no reaction.

20. Enzyme Paper Lab What type or organic compound is an enzyme? Protein What is the function of an enzyme? To break down How are enzymes recognized? Water is taken away bubbles What compound would the enzyme lactase breakdown? Lactose

22. What happens to enzymes after they finish reacting? Waits for more Compare dehydration & hydrolysis reactions? Dehydration takes H20, Hydrolysis adds water

23. Draw & label 2 Enzyme-Substrate Complex models (one illustrating Dehydration reactions & one illustrating hydrolysis)

27. Compound Light Microscope What are the major differences between bacterial cell (prokaryote) & blood (eukaryote)? Prokaryote has no nucleus What 4 organelles can be found on both types of cells? Cell membrane, ribosome, cell wall, cytoplasm

29. Elodea & Cheek Cells: Comparing plant & animal cells What organelles do you see in the elodea cells that let you now it�s a plant cell? Cell wall What organelle is needed for photosynthesis and phototactic responses? Chloroplast

30. What organelles would be found in both plant & animal cells & provides evidence for the endosymbiont theory? Why? Mitochondria has its own DNA Why must we stain the cheek cells with Methylene Blue? To notice the nucleus

32. Semi-permeable Membrane (iodine) Which substance was able to diffuse across the semi-permeable across the membrane? Iodine How were you able to tell the substance that was permeable across the membrane? It showed up in the bag What cell structure was represented by the sandwich bag? Cell membrane

33. Plasmolyzed Cell Lab What type of solution causes plasmolysis to occur in cells? Salt water Which way did the water move when salt was added to the elodea? Out

34. What would happen to a cell placed into each of the following environments? Freshwater swell distilled water marine water shrink

35. While observing the green plant Elodea, what were the disc-shaped organelles that you observed chloroplast

37. Effects of Salt on potato Describe the texture of the potato soaked in salt water. Soft What could account for this observation? All the water left What type solution was the salt water solution. Salt water(hypertonic)

38. Diffusion across the membrane What part of vinegar dissolved the shell of the egg? Acetic acid Did water move into or out of the egg soaked in vinegar? In

40. Which beaker represented of the following? a. isotonic solution b. hypertonic c. hypotonic Diffusion Across Membrane (dialysis tubing)

41. Did the movement of the particles in this investigation represent passive or active transport? Passive What process would move particles against the concentration gradient? Active transport

43. Cell Energy ATP Models What does the cell do with the energy that is released in ATP breakdown? Use it for cell functions What process converts glucose into ATP? Cellular respiration

44. Photosynthesis Labs Plant Pigments What is a valid conclusion that can be concluded from this lab? That leaves have pigments What is the name of this technique? Chromatography

46. Structure of a leaf What are the openings of the leaf called? How are they regulated? Stromata, guard cells What gas leaves and enters through the stomata of a leaf and is later used in photosynthesis? CO2

47. What is the major food manufacturer in a leaf? Palisade mesophyll What is the function of the cuticle? To protect the leaf

48. What is in a leaf? How does a leaf store food? Starch

50. Uptake of CO2 During Photosynthesis Why was Bromothymol blue used? To test for CO2 What are the raw materials used in photosynthesis? CO2, H2O

51. In this photosynthesis experiment, using Elodea, what products were expected to be produced? Oxygen, glucose What organelle in the Elodea is responsible for making food? (glucose) Chloroplasts What is the relationship between plants and animals? Animals eat plants, Plants give CO2 & Animals give O2

52. In this experiment how does Bromothymol Blue prove that photosynthesis occurs? Changes from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2 then when plant gave off O2 it changed to blue again It took CO2 & used it Write an equation that represents the process? 6CO2+6H2O light C6 H12 O6 +6O2

53. Apple Juice Fermentation What is occurring in the pipette? Yeast is using CO2 What evidence do we have to show that it is occurring? The bubbles

54. In this experiment, was this process an example of aerobic or anaerobic respiration? Explain Aerobic, no use of oxygen What organelle in the yeast cells carry out the process? Mitochondria Write the equation that represents this process. 6CO2+6H2O?C6H12O6+6O2

55. Photosynthesis & Respiration (table) What is the major difference between aerobic & anaerobic respiration? Aerobic uses of oxygen How would tetanus, a bacteria that lives deep in puncture wounds receive their energy? Lactic acid fermentation

57. Mitosis (Analysis) What is the result of uncontrolled mitosis? Cancer What environmental factors (external factors) is responsible for most cancers? radiation What type of cancer is caused mostly by external environmental factors? Skin

59. Blood Typing What are the 4 blood types? A, B, AB, O What are the alleles for the blood types? AA, AO,BB,BO,AB,OO Who is the universal donor? O Receiver? AB

60. How do blood types differ? Surface proteins If dad has a blood type of A & mom has O, & all of the children are A, What is dads genotype? AA

62. Karyotype What technique was used to obtain the chromosomes needed to create your karyotype? Amniocentesis What type of information can be obtained from amniocentesis? Gender, disorder

63. If a female is missing a X chromosome, how would it be written? XO What condition is characterized by trisomy 21? Down syndrome What is nondisjunction? Failure of chromosome to separate �not coming apart� In what stage of Meiosis is most likely to occur? anaphase 1

64. Didn�t do~Mystery of Crooked Cell How did the patients blood differ from normal blood? Hemoglobin is lined up

65. How is the RBC shape altered by the patients hemoglobin? Straight What is hemoglobin? Carries oxygen in the blood cells.

67. What is the most likely cause of the speciation that occurred among primates? They changed for environments; isolation What type of evidence does similarities in proteins such as cytochome C provide? They come from common ancestors What type of evidence does similarities in primate skulls provide? They came from common ancestors

68. Lab Practicum: Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, & Fungi Why are fungi such important organisms on earth? Decomposers

69. What kingdom does most of the single-celled organisms that move by cilia, flagella, and pseudopods belong to? Protists

70. What are some diseases caused by viruses? Food poison, Strep throat, chicken pox, common cold, hepatitis B, influenza, smallpox, polio, measles,

71. What is the treatment for these viruses? vaccines

72. Describe the shape of the following types of bacteria. A. Staphylo coccus B. Staphylo sprillus C. Strepto cocctus D. Strepto bacillus Name the pioneer species that is a mutualistic relationship between an algae and fungus. Lichin

73. Lab Practicum Kingdom Plantae What division of vascular plants do flowers belong? Angio sperm

74. What are nonvascular plants and give 2 examples? Have no true roots, no xylem nor phloem

75. What is the advantage of needle-like (conifers) in the taiga (cold regions)? Insulation

76. Complete the following analogy: Fruit: Angiosperm as Cones: gymnosperm What is the main purpose of the flower part of the plant? Reproduction

77. How are plants & fungi different? Plants are autotrophic Fungi produce spores not seeds Alike? Similar only to the naked eye

78. What two types of vascular tissues are found in most plants? What is the overall function of these tissues? Xylem, phloem transportation

79. The corn is a monocot angiosperm. What is the purpose of the endosperm of the corn seed? Reproduction.

80. What evolutionary adaptation has allowed plants to survive & be successful on land? Seed coats

82. Lab Practicum: Kingdom Animalia What Phylum does organisms with an exoskeleton, segmented body, bilateral symmetry, & jointed appendages belong to? Arthropod

83. What structure in the fish (gas exchange) would be analogous to the human lung? Gills

84. What adaptation has allowed reptiles to be successful on land? Lungs

85. What classes of Vertebrated are ectothermic (cold-blooded)? Fishes, amphibians, reptiles Endothermic (warm-blooded) some reptiles, some amphibians, mammals & birds

86. Many organisms use chemicals to lead to food sources, mark territory, & attract mates. What are these chemicals called? Pheromones

87. What chemicals regulate growth and development in both plants & animals? Hormones What type of fertilization and development occurs in most mammals? Internal

88. What structure in the earthworm is used for excretion (get rid of waste)? Nephridia

89. The larvae of the beetle & the earthworm look & behave very similarly. Why would they be classified in different phyla? Beetles undergo metamorphosis

91. The Anopheles mosquito carries the protozoan Plasmodium. What human disease is caused by this protists? Malaria Which organism is the host? humans Which organism is the Vector? mosquito