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Afghanistan (Soviet afghan war) 1979-88

Afghanistan (Soviet afghan war) 1979-88. By: Anmol Gupta & Bavika Atputhajeyam . General Overview . Duration 10 years Started on Dec. 27 th , 1979 Afghans ( Mujahideens ) used guerilla warfare to drive the Soviets out Result: stalemate => Soviets forced to withdraw 1988 – Ceasefire

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Afghanistan (Soviet afghan war) 1979-88

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  1. Afghanistan (Soviet afghan war) 1979-88 By: Anmol Gupta & Bavika Atputhajeyam

  2. General Overview • Duration 10 years • Started on Dec. 27th, 1979 • Afghans (Mujahideens) used guerilla warfare to drive the Soviets out • Result: stalemate => Soviets forced to withdraw • 1988 – Ceasefire • 1989 – Soviets withdrew • Ended on Feb. 15th, 1989

  3. Causes • Soviets – expand communism to neighbouring countries • Afghanistan – Marxist government was opposed by many Afghans • 1978 - Overthrow of Afghan central gov’t and a Marxist gov’t was placed. • Rebellion of Mujahideens => Soviets intervention in 1979

  4. Key players • Communists: USSR & Afghan Government • Anti-Communists: Mujahideens, US, UK, Pakistan • Leaders: US =>President Jimmy Carter (1979-81), President Ronald Reagan (1982 – 88) • USSR =>Leonoid Brezhnev (USSR) (1979-82), Yuri Andropov (1982-84), Konstantin Chernenko(1984-85), Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-88)

  5. Motivations/goals Soviets Afghans • Geographic benefits: Access of Indian Ocean through India • Trade with India • Natural resources: iron, natural gas, uranium, copper • Goal: Make Afghanistan communist and get rid of the mujahideens • Saw Soviets invasion as a threat to their culture and religion – engage in “jihad” (holy war)

  6. Events • Taraki Regime in Afghanistan • A jihad against communism launches • Brezhnev Doctrine: Right of S.U. to militarily get involved to prevent the overthrow of a neighbouring communist government. • 1979 – Soviet control over cities • 1980-81 - Mujahideen took control of countryside • 1982 – war was at a stalemate • 1982-83 - Soviets tried to eliminate the opposition by bombing areas

  7. Events Cont • 1983 – US, UK, Saudi Arabia became supporters of Mujahideens • Foreign aid was received from US • 1984-88 – Mujahideens gained the upperhand through shipments of weapons such as shoulder fired anti aircraft missiles from US and UK through Pakistan • 1985 – Soviets close in on Kabul

  8. Events Cont • Early 1989 – US, Pakistan, Afghanistan and S.U. signed an agreement to withdraw Soviet troops and return Afghanistan to peace • Soviets, with the leadership of Michael Gorbachev, agreed to withdraw troops within a 10 month period • Mujahideen take over Kabul

  9. US’s view on the war • President Jimmy Carter believed that Soviet’s action was a “blatant violation of accepted international rules of behaviour” • Limitied his sales with the USSR • Following Carter, President Ronald Reagen despised the Soviets even more and referred to them as the “evil empire”

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