The Male Reproductive System

1. The Male Reproductive System An essential function of all living things is reproduction, the process by which life continues from one generation to the next. From 300 million to 400 million sperm in each ejaculation, only one can fertilize an ovum.

2. Lesson Objectives In this lesson, you will learn to: • Describe the parts and functions of the male reproductive system • Examine care of the male reproductive system and identify situations requiring professional health services • Describe abstinence as it relates to the prevention of STDs

3. Quick Start • Fold a sheet of paper into three- column chart. • List the external male reproductive organs in column 1. • List the internal male reproductive organs in column 2. • Note any questions you have about the structure or function of the male in column 3.

4. The Male Reproductive System The Reproductive System • In humans, as in many other animal species, reproduction results from the union of two specialized sex cells—one from the male and one from the female. • These cells are made by the reproductive system.

5. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Functions of the Male Reproductive System • The two main functions of the male reproductive system are the production and storage of sperm and the transfer of sperm to the female’s body during sexual intercourse. • Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the production of testosterone. • Testosterone initiates physical changes that signal maturity, including broadening of the shoulders, development of muscles and facial and other body hair, and deepening of the voice.

6. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System External Male Reproductive Organs • The testes, the penis, and the scrotum are external structures involved in the process of reproduction. • The penis releases semen. • At the height of sexual arousal, a series of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. • Fertilization—the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell—can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse.

7. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Sperm • The scrotum protects sperm by keeping the testes slightlybelow the normal body temperature. • When a male begins to produce sperm, he may experience nocturnal emissions, or ejaculations, that occur when sperm is released during sleep. • This is a normal function that relieves the buildup of pressure as sperm begin to be produced during puberty.

8. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Internal Male Reproductive Organs • Although sperm are produced in the testes, which are suspended outside the body, they must travel through several structures inside the body before they are released. • These structures include the vas deferens, the urethra, the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and Cowper’s glands.

9. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System

10. Care of the Male Reproductive System Get regular checkups by a physician. Wear protective equipment during physical activities. Perform regular self-examinations for signs of cancer. Practice abstinence to avoid contracting STDs. Caring for the Male Reproductive System

11. Care of the Male Reproductive System Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) • Chlamydia and gonorrhea are bacterial infections that cause discharge from the penis and burning upon urination; both conditions can damage reproductive health. • Syphilis is another bacterial infection. If left untreated, syphilis can spread and damage internal organs. • Genital herpes is a virus that causes periodically occurring blisterlike sores in the genital area.

12. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Inguinal Hernia Sterility Testicular Cancer Prostate Problems Conditions Requiring Professional Health Services

13. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Inguinal Hernia • An inguinal hernia is a separation of tissue that allows part of the intestine to push into the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum. • Symptoms of inguinal hernia may include a lump in the groin near the thigh, pain in the groin, or in severe cases, partial or complete blockage of the intestine. • Surgery is usually necessary to repair the opening in the muscle wall.

14. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Sterility Sterility in males can result from too few sperm—fewer than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid—or sperm of poor quality. Causes of sterility: • Environmental hazards • Hormonal imbalance • Certain medications and use of drugs • Some diseases, including STDs

15. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Testicular Cancer • Testicular cancer can affect males of any age but occurs most often in males between the ages of 14 and 40. • Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. • With early detection most testicular cancer is treatable through surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

16. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Prostate Problems • The prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, and age-related problems. • Symptoms may also indicate more serious conditions, including prostate cancer. • Prostate cancer screening is usually done during routine physical exams for males over age 50. • Early detection increases the chance of survival. Treatment includes surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy.

17. Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. • scrotum • 2. penis • 3. testosterone • 4. semen Q.The male sex hormone is known as _______.

18. Quick Review - Answer A.3. testosteroneThe male sex hormone is known as testosterone. Click Next to attempt another question.

19. Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q.The function of the testes is to produce sperm and secrete urine. True False

20. Quick Review - Answer A.False.The function of the testes is to produce sperm and secrete testosterone. Click Next to attempt another question.

21. Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q.Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs or symptoms of testicular cancer, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle, or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. True False

22. Quick Review - Answer A.True. Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs or symptoms of testicular cancer, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. Click Next to attempt another question.

23. Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q.Two benefits of abstinence are that it can aid in the prevention of STDs and it can help solve problems related to STDs’ effects on the male reproductive system. True False

24. Quick Review - Answer A.True. Two benefits of abstinence are that it can aid in the prevention of STDs, and it can help solve problems related to STDs’ effects on the male reproductive system. Click Next to attempt another question.

25. End of Lesson 2 Click Home to view the Main menu.

26. Quick Review - Answer A.Correct! The male sex hormone is known as testosterone. Click Next to attempt another question.

27. Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

28. The Male Reproductive System The Reproductive System • In humans, as in many other animal species, reproduction results from the union of two specialized sex cells—one from the male and one from the female. • These cells are made by the reproductive system. The reproductive system is a system of organs involved in producing offspring.

29. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Functions of the Male Reproductive System • The two main functions of the male reproductive system are the production and storage of sperm and the transfer of sperm to the female’s body during sexual intercourse. • Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the production of testosterone. • Testosterone initiates physical changes that signal maturity, including broadening of the shoulders, development of muscles and facial and other body hair, and deepening of the voice. Sperm are the male reproductive cells.

30. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Functions of the Male Reproductive System • The two main functions of the male reproductive system are the production and storage of sperm and the transfer of sperm to the female’s body during sexual intercourse. • Hormones produced in the pituitary gland stimulate the production of testosterone. • Testosterone initiates physical changes that signal maturity, including broadening of the shoulders, development of muscles and facial and other body hair, and deepening of the voice. Testosterone is the male sex hormone.

31. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System External Male Reproductive Organs • The testes, the penis, and the scrotum are external structures involved in the process of reproduction. • The penis releases semen. • At the height of sexual arousal, a series of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. • Fertilization—the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell—can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse. The testes are two small glands that produce sperm.

32. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System External Male Reproductive Organs • The testes, the penis, and the scrotum are external structures involved in the process of reproduction. • The penis releases semen. • At the height of sexual arousal, a series of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. • Fertilization—the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell—can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse. The penis is a tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes.

33. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System External Male Reproductive Organs • The testes, the penis, and the scrotum are external structures involved in the process of reproduction. • The penis releases semen. • At the height of sexual arousal, a series of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. • Fertilization—the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell—can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse. The scrotum is an external skin sac that extends outside the body and contains the testes.

34. Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System External Male Reproductive Organs Semen is a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system. • The testes, the penis, and the scrotum are external structures involved in the process of reproduction. • The penis releases semen. • At the height of sexual arousal, a series of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. • Fertilization—the joining of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell—can result if ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse.

35. Problems of the Male Reproductive System Sterility Sterility in males can result from too few sperm—fewer than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid—or sperm of poor quality. Causes of sterility: • Environmental hazards • Hormonal imbalance • Certain medications and use of drugs • Some diseases, including STDs Sterility is the inability to reproduce.

36. Quick Review - Answer A.Correct! The function of the testes is to produce sperm and secrete testosterone. Click Next to attempt another question.

37. Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

38. Quick Review - Answer A.Correct! Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs or symptoms of testicular cancer, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle, or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. Click Next to attempt another question.

39. Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

40. Quick Review - Answer A.Correct! Two benefits of abstinence are that it can aid in the prevention of STDs, and it can help solve problems related to STDs’ effects on the male reproductive system. Click Next to attempt another question.

41. Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.