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Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat

Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat. * Lisa Pohlman , *Marjory Artzer , **Verona Chaffin. * Kansas State University, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, **Allcare Animal Hospital, Shawnee,KS. History; 16-week-old intact female, Bengal (Poppy). RDVM December 28, 2007

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Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat

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  1. Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat *Lisa Pohlman, *Marjory Artzer, **Verona Chaffin *Kansas State University, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, **Allcare Animal Hospital, Shawnee,KS Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  2. History; 16-week-old intact female, Bengal (Poppy) RDVM December 28, 2007 • Diarrhea, seromucoid nasal discharge & mild failure to thrive • De-wormed, antibiotics, SC fluids & sent home January 7th Recheck • Nasal discharge had cleared • Diarrhea worse → diagnosed coccidia • Albon January 11th Recheck • Diarrhea • Fecal wet mount → abundant motile organisms • A video recording of the organisms • A saline diluted, air-dried fecal smear Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  3. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  4. Wright’s 100x • A variety of bacteria (mostly rods), debris, and protozoal organisms (9 to 12 um x 6 to 9 um) • with 3 anterior flagella, 1 posterior flagella,1 nucleus, undulating membrane, central axostyle Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  5. Further tests & Diagnosis • Culture (In PouchTM TF-Feline) • PCR • Tritrichomonasfoetus Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  6. Tritrichomonas foetus Trichomonads • Primitive eukaryotic organisms • Obligate protozoan symbionts • Multiple anterior flagella • Undulating membrane • Reproduction via binary fission • Trophozoites are transferred from host to host directly • Commensal & pathogenic species identified • Tritrichomonasfoetus -- pathogenic • Pentatrichomonashominis – non-pathogenic Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only http://vetsci.sdstate.edu/vetext/Trichomoniasis%20Range%20 Beef%20Cow%20Symposium%20web.htm

  7. Tritrichomonas foetus Cattle • Venereal pathogen Pigs • gastrointestinal tract & nasal mucosa • T. foetus = T. suis Dogs • Diarrhea Cats • Enteric pathogen of cats • Uterus Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  8. T. foetus; Enteric Pathogen in Cats • Colonizes colon • +/- observable symptoms • Chronic diarrhea • Feces dribble from anus • Young, densely housed cats • ~1/3 of the purebred feline population infected • Absence of diarrhea ≠ cat free of infection • Misidentified as • Giardia • Pentatrichomonas hominis Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  9. Pentatrichomonas Tritrichomonas Giardia spp. hominis foetus • Non-pathogenic • 5 anterior flagella http://vetsci.sdstate.edu/vetext/Trichomoniasis%20Range%20 Beef%20Cow%20Symposium%20web.htm Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~samacha/ CareF/SickF/Protozo/Proto.html http://winnielovesus.blogspot.com/2007/09/ one-week-done-35-to-go.html

  10. Histologic Features of T. foetusM. J. Yaeger & J. L. Gookin, Vet Pathol 42:797-804 (2005) • Colonic trichomonads (6 sections recommended) • Lymphoplasmacytic & neutrophilic colitis • Eosinophils not a prominent feature • Crypt epithelial cell • Hypertrophy • Hyperplasia • ↑ mitotic activity • ↓ goblet cells • Crypt microabscesses • Attenuated superficial colonic mucosa • +/- Macrophages Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  11. Prognosis & Other Concerns Infected Cats • No effective antibiotic treatment • Overall health not adversely affected • ~90% diarrhea will stop within two years • Remain source of infection to other cats Hypothesis • Prolonged presence of organisms • Predisposition to IBD? Zoonotic Potential? • Human infection with T. foetus (1 case) • Immunosuppressed & previous stem cell transplantation Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  12. M. J. Yaeger and J. L. Gookin Vet Pathol 42:797-804 (2005) With Permission Unresponsive to antimicrobial treatment T.foetus PCR Histopathology Min. 6 sections Culture In PouchTM TF media • Saline diluted feces • Motile organisms • Air dried smear Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

  13. Acknowledgements • Shon Koenig • Shelly Christenson • Nathan Rodriguez Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

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