1 / 22

Humans

Humans. Classifying Humans. Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order :Primates Family : Hominidae Genus :Homo Species :sapiens. Eumetazoa (Triploblastic) Bilateria Deuterostomes Coelomates Radial, indeterminate cleavage Segmented

coy
Télécharger la présentation

Humans

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Humans

  2. Classifying Humans Kingdom :Animalia Phylum :Chordata Class :Mammalia Order :Primates Family :Hominidae Genus :Homo Species :sapiens • Eumetazoa (Triploblastic) • Bilateria • Deuterostomes • Coelomates • Radial, indeterminate cleavage • Segmented • Chordates • Craniates • Vertebrates • Gnathostomes • Tetrapods • Amniotes • Mammals (Placental or Eutherian) • Primates • Anthropoids • Homonins (Homonids)

  3. Humans are mammals with a large brain and bipedal locomotion

  4. More Human Characteristics • Upright gait • Bipedal locomotion • Reduced jawbones and muscles • Shorter digestive tracts • Large brain • Language (FOXP genes) • Symbolic thought

  5. Different human features evolved at different times – such as brain size, upright posture, etc. Erect posture and bipedalism lead the way Humans and chimpanzees (but also other apes) diverged from the same ancestor 6 to 8 million years ago There are about 20 known extinct human-like species – collectively called homonins Oldest homonin fossil is that of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis Mosaic Evolution

  6. Human Evolution is not a ladder, but a highly branched tree • Multiple homonin species may have existed on Earth at the same time • These homonin had different • skull sizes • body sizes • brain size, • diets

  7. (4.4 million year ago), could it be the ancestor of Australopithecus? Reduced canines, small brain, both bipedal and arboreal Ardipithecus ramidus

  8. Sahelantrhopus tchadensis Skull Restoration/reconstruction • Lived about 6-7 million years ago in Africa • Reduced canine teeth • Showed some bipedal locomotion and upright gait (as seen in foramen magnum)

  9. In 1924 British anthropologist discovered a skull of an early human in South Africa Named him Australopithecus africanus (southern ape of Africa) The AustralopithsLived about 4 – 2 million years ago

  10. Australopithecus africanus • A. africanus lived about 3 – 2.4 m.y.a. • First hominid to walk fully upright – hence bipedal • But brain was a third the size of modern human

  11. Australopithecus anamensis • Lived about 4.5 – 4 million years ago • Leg bones indicate possible bipedalism (not all the time)

  12. In 1974, In the afar region of Ethiopia, Donald Johanson discovered the remains of another Australopithecus species – a small female They named her “Lucy” – scientific name Australopithecus afarensis (Southern Ape) A.afarensis was first to walk fully upright Lucy is 3.2 million years old and her species roamed Africa for about 1 million years Australopithecus afarensis

  13. LUCY

  14. The HomosHomo habilis • Homo habilis – The “handyman” – fashioned simple tools • 2.5 million years • Larger brain compared to Australopithecus • Coexisted with Australopithecus – may not have competed with each other

  15. Homo erectus – “Upright Man” Lived about 1.8 million years ago to about 250,000 years ago First to be a hunter-gatherer, instead of just a gatherer Learned to eat meat – so a better traveller! Homo erectus was first to migrate out of Africa – to Asia and Europe fossils of Java man and Beijing Man support this Taller than H.habilis, larger brains Made more complex tools, lived in huts/shelter they made, built fires, clothed themselves – survived different climates Lived and hunted in groups (primitive society) Homo erectus (possibly the Asian branch of another Homo – Homo ergaster)

  16. Homo erectus (Peking man, Java man)

  17. Descended from H. erectus Lived in Europe and the Middle East 135,000 years ago to about 35,000 years ago Skilled toolmakers, buried their dead, performed rituals (developing culture) Had anatomical equipment for speech Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis • May have coexisted with Homo sapiens • Could they have interbred?

  18. Homo sapiens Cro Magnon • The most human-like homo species is the Homo sapiens CroMagnon. Modern mtDNA studies suggest that they were actually Homo sapiens sapiens • Date back to about 35,000 years • Discovered in a cave in CroMagnon, France • They were anatomically modern, but were a little more “hefty” • The people of Finland are the most closely related to these humans • They probably interacted with both: the Homo sapiens neaderthalensisas well as the Homo sapiens sapiens

  19. Cro Magnon

  20. Oldest H.sapiens fossil dates back to 200,000 -100,000 years Fossils have been found in Africa as well as Israel, not far from fossils of H.sapiens Neanderthalensis H.sapiens sapiens and H.sapiens Neanderthalensis coexisted in the region for 40,000 years – but did not interbreed (disputed) Both evolutionary dead ends Homo sapiens sapiens

  21. THE END

More Related