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Lesson 17

Lesson 17. Working with Copper Tubing. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!.

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Lesson 17

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  1. Lesson 17 Working with Copper Tubing

  2. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed! • CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. • CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.7 Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. • CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11‐12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text • CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11‐12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics.

  3. Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource Standards Addressed! • PST.04.03. Follow architectural and mechanical plans to construct, maintain and/or repair AFNR structures (e.g., material selection, site preparation and/or layout, plumbing, concrete/ masonry, etc.). • PST.04.03.04.a. Compare and contrast the characteristics of materials used in plumbing and water systems (e.g., copper, PVC, PEX, etc.). • PST.04.03.04.b. Calculate the cost of a water system in an AFNR structure (e.g., copper, PVC, etc.).

  4. Bell Work/Student Objectives • Discuss how to select copper tubing and fittings. • Discuss how to measure, mark, cut, and ream copper tubing. • Discuss how to join copper tubing with solder, flare fittings, and compression fittings.

  5. Vocabulary Terms • Compression fittings • Compression screw • Die block • Flared fitting • Flaring tool • Flexible (soft) tubing • Rigid (hard) tubing • Sweat fitting

  6. Interest Approach • Why is copper tubing only used for water and fuel lines?

  7. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Copper tubing is only used for water and fuel lines. • It is sturdy, durable, light-weight, and easy to work with. • Copper tubing is sold as rigid (hard) or flexible (soft).

  8. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Four grades or weight of tubing from the heaviest to the lightest are: K, L, M, and DWV. • Type M is the weight of tubing recommended for most supply line situations.

  9. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Tubing is sized by inside diameter (I.D.) or outside diameter (O.D.). • Rigid (hard) tubing, sold in 10 foot lengths, is a stiff, strong tubing joined with soldered joints. • Flexible (soft) tubing, available in 3/8, ½, 5/8 , and ¾ inch diameter rolls 60 foot long, is thinner, softer, cheaper, and easier to bend.

  10. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Both types of tubing can be joined by soldering. • Sweat fitting copper tubing refers to soldering fittings onto the tubing. • Flared fittings are a technique used to join soft tubing where the end of the tubing is spread out or flared and a flare nut is tightened against a threaded flared fitting.

  11. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Compression fittings, used on small flexible lines for appliances, have a compression ring and threaded nut to seal joints. • Soldered fittings include couplings, elbows (45 and 90 degree), tees, caps, reducers, and unions. • Flare fittings include flare nuts, caps, elbows, tees, plugs, and unions.

  12. What copper tubing and fittings do I need? • Compression fittings involving the nut and compression ring are most often tightened onto a union, a fixture, or a shutoff valve.

  13. How is copper tubing measured, marked, cut, and reamed? • When measuring tubing, be sure to allow for the segment of the pipe that goes into the fittings. • Flexible tubing should be unrolled and straightened out for accurate measuring. • Mark the tubing with a three-cornered file or scratch awl.

  14. How is copper tubing measured, marked, cut, and reamed? • Copper tubing is cut with a hacksaw or a tubing cutter. • The hacksaw has a tendency to bend the tubing and leave a rough cut. A tubing cutter will yield a cleaner, easier to work with end.

  15. How is copper tubing measured, marked, cut, and reamed? • To use a copper tubing cutter, place the tubing between the cutting wheel and the two guide rollers and tighten the cutter a little each time you circle the tubing. • It is easier to use and results in a squarer, smoother cut than a hacksaw.

  16. How is copper tubing measured, marked, cut, and reamed? • The disadvantage of using the tubing cutter is that a burr is left on the inside of a tubing cut. • Use the reamer attached to the tubing cutter or a round file to ream the burr out of the tubing.

  17. How is copper tubing joined? • Both rigid and flexible copper tubing may be joined to fittings by soldering. • Begin by using fine steel wool, emery cloth, or a tubing cleaner to clean and brighten the outside of the tubing and the inside of the fitting. • Coat the end of the tubing and the inside of the fitting with a layer of flux.

  18. How is copper tubing joined? • Apply heat, with a propane or air-acetylene torch, evenly around the joint until the flux begins to sizzle. • Every few seconds test the heat of the joint by touching the solder to it. • When the right temperature is reached the solder will melt and be drawn into the joint by capillary action.

  19. How is copper tubing joined? • Care should be taken not to melt the solder with the torch and merely drop it on the copper tubing. • Finish the joint by wiping off excess solder with steel wool while the joint is still warm.

  20. How is copper tubing joined? • To join soft tubing with a flared fitting, slip the flare nut onto the tubing and then flare the tubing. • A flaring tool includes a split die block and compression screw with a T-handle to tighten it. • The die block is a split metal clamp with holes to match the common sizes of tubing.

  21. Copper Tubing Flaring Tool!

  22. How is copper tubing joined? • Insert the tubing into the die block with the end extending slightly above the surface of the beveled side and tighten the thumb screws.

  23. How is copper tubing joined? • The compression screw hooked onto the die block uses a cone-shaped end on a threaded shaft, tightened with a T-handle to flare out at a 45 degree angle at the end of the tubing.

  24. How is copper tubing joined? • The flared end is placed next to a threaded flare fitting and the flare nut is slid up and hand tightened to the fitting. • After hand tightening, use one open-end wrench for holding the fitting and another for turning the flare nut.

  25. How is copper tubing joined? • The compressing of the flared tubing against the fitting provides a tight seal. • This technique is recommended for use with gas lines.

  26. How is copper tubing joined? • To join tubing with a compression fitting, slide the compression nut and then the compression ring onto the tubing.

  27. How is copper tubing joined? • Using an open-end wrench, tighten the compression nut to the threaded compression fitting. • This technique is often used to fasten supply lines to shut-off valves.

  28. Review and Summary • Discuss how to select copper tubing and fittings. • Discuss how to measure, mark, cut, and ream copper tubing. • Discuss how to join copper tubing with solder, flare fittings, and compression fit-tings.

  29. The End!

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