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Chapter 21, Section 4 “ The Progressive Presidents ”

Chapter 21, Section 4 “ The Progressive Presidents ”. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal. Square Deal – a nickname for Pres. Roosevelt’s policies that attempted to balance the interests of businesspeople, laborers, and consumers

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Chapter 21, Section 4 “ The Progressive Presidents ”

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  1. Chapter 21, Section 4“The Progressive Presidents”

  2. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Square Deal – a nickname for Pres. Roosevelt’s policies that attempted to balance the interests of businesspeople, laborers, and consumers • 1902 Coal Miners Strike – he threatened to take over the mines unless managers and strikers agreed to arbitration (first time govt. intervened in a strike and didn’t side with business) • First president to successfully use the Sherman Anti-trust Act to break up monopolies and trusts • TR supported laws regulating businesses • 1903 Elkins Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates • 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

  3. “The Jungle” • Muckrakers helped build support for President Roosevelt’s efforts to regulate big business • Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle” published in early 1906 about immigrants working in a meat-packing plant shocked the nation with its description of unhealthy practices there • Pure Food and Drug Act – law passed by Congress in 1906 that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs • Meat Inspection Act – law passed by Congress in 1906 that authorized the Dept. of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption

  4. Roosevelt & Conservation • T.R. was very worried about the loss of natural resources • Preserved more than 200 million acres • Wildlife refuges • National parks • Protected the Grand Canyon in Arizona

  5. Presidency of William Howard Taft • Taft won the presidency in 1908, promising continued Progressive reforms • As president, Taft upset Progressives by not aggressively pursuing reforms • Taft passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 • Roosevelt and Progressives furious with Taft • Reduced tariffs on some imports, but raised others. • Progressives wanted all to be lowered.

  6. Election of 1912 • Roosevelt decides to run again for President. • Taft wins the Republican nomination • Teddy decides to form the Bull Moose Party- “he was as strong as a Bull Moose” • Taft and Roosevelt split votes. Dem. Wilson Wins

  7. Presidential Election of 1912

  8. Woodrow Wilson’s Reforms • In his inaugural address, focused on the social well-being of working-class Americans. • Underwood Tariff Act of 1913, lowered tariffs, and introduced income tax. • 16th Amendment – Allows federal government to impose direct taxes on citizens’ income. • 1913 Federal Reserve Act – national banking system to regulate the economy.

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