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Compositional Languages Fall 2012

Compositional Languages Fall 2012. Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN Tuesday 13:00-15:00 Lecture IX. 0. Final Project Proposals? . [submit]. 0.1:Elliott Carter. What did you learn about his life? What piece did you listen to? What is metric modulation? Other concepts and techniques?

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Compositional Languages Fall 2012

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  1. Compositional LanguagesFall 2012 Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN Tuesday 13:00-15:00 Lecture IX

  2. 0. Final Project Proposals? • [submit]

  3. 0.1:Elliott Carter • What did you learn about his life? • What piece did you listen to? • What is metric modulation? • Other concepts and techniques? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oz3PTNOVLuM&feature=related

  4. Metric Modulation • “gear shifting” • Gradual change of tempo and meter without using accelerando/ritardando • As in modulation of harmony, use of a pivot (common tempo unit)

  5. Example 1:

  6. Example 2:

  7. Example 3 (Carter):

  8. 0.2 Typical Musical Parameters • Pitch (고 저) • Rhythm (Pulse/Meter) (리듬) • Melody • Harmony (학 성) • Dynamic • Register • Timbre (음 색) • Texture (결) • Orchestration

  9. I. Types of Musical “Texture”

  10. A. What is a texture? • The background to this slide is a texture • Food has a texture • A visual pattern (무닉) • A tactile fabric (옷감)(e.g., “textile”)

  11. B. How is a Texture Described? • Smooth/rough (tactile) (촉감의) • Thick/thin (tactile) • Consistent/uneven (visual [시각의] and tactile) • Dynamic/static (visual/auditory) • Dense/sparse (visual) • Opaque/translucent/transparent (visual) • Clear/obscure (visual)

  12. Texture Metaphors • Visual • Tactile • Difficult to describe in auditory terms • Difficult to describe in precise terms

  13. C. Texture in 음악 • Amount of voices/parts/layers (츰)at one time • Relationships (관련)among those voices/parts/layers

  14. D. Texture Types • 1) Monophony • 2) Homophony • 3) Monody • 4) Polyphony • 5) Antiphony • 6) Heterophony

  15. 1. Monophony • 1 single voice, or several voices singing/playing exactly the same part • Mono = 1 • Phone = sound, voice • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dlr90NLDp-0

  16. 2. Homophony • Homo= same • Phone = sound • Different parts, in homorhythm (+/-) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVa3nR-2bVc

  17. 3. Monody • Melody + accompaniment • Arias, recitatives, art songs, folk songs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebDn5kOVib4

  18. 4. Polyphony • Poly = more than 1/multiple • Multiple voices, moving independently • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKFMehVWWOA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtJvtk6EHZE

  19. 5. Antiphony • Anti = “against” (반대하) • 2 or more voices in “call and response” relationship) • Derived from antiphon form in Gregorian chant • Context: Baroque polychoral motets, Classical concerti, jazz “trading fours”… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx2xgbBkjbg

  20. Jazz Antiphonal Example • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtGedWqRxeE

  21. 6. Heterophony • Hetero = different • 2+ voices/parts presenting simultaneous(동시에) variations on the same melodic line • Each layer has a distinct character • “walking the dog” • Context: Debussy, Messiaen, Boulez… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAJLUc33clA

  22. Quiz: Name the Texture! • 1)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toyvffrYBkw • 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1a7fyKqX5Wg • 3)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w114Pul5jxk

  23. II. Medieval-> Baroque Polyphony

  24. 1. Contexts • Madrigals • Motets • Masses • Cantatas • Inventions, Sinfoniae, Canons, and Fugues

  25. 2. Important Composers • 1. Machaut + de Vitry (isorhythm) (14th century) • 2. Dufay, Ockeghem, and Josquin (15th century) • 3. Thomas Tallis and William Byrd (16th century) • 4. Palestrina (16th century) • 5. J.S. Bach

  26. 3. Imitative Polyphony • Imitation • Point of imitation • Interval of imitation

  27. 4. Operations • Inversion • Augmentation • Diminution • Stretto

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