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Lecture 7.3: Residential Lands

Lecture 7.3: Residential Lands. Chapter 10. The American Dream. Urban Sprawl. Urban Sprawl: Causes & Effects. (1) Automobiles and Highway Construction (2) Living Costs (3) Urban Blight (4) Government Policies. (1) Automobiles and Highway Construction.

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Lecture 7.3: Residential Lands

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  1. Lecture 7.3: Residential Lands Chapter 10

  2. The American Dream

  3. Urban Sprawl

  4. Urban Sprawl: Causes & Effects • (1) Automobiles and Highway Construction • (2) Living Costs • (3) Urban Blight • (4) Government Policies

  5. (1) Automobiles and Highway Construction • 1950’s: the Interstate Highway System • Commuting • Work in the city and live in the suburbs • Best of both worlds!

  6. (2) Living Costs • The American Dream • More Land • Larger House • Privacy • Lower taxes • Overall, higher standard of living • Excludes low income families

  7. (3) Urban Blight • The degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies the accelerated migration to the suburbs • A positive feedback loop

  8. (3) Urban Blight • People leaving cities • Shrinking tax revenues • City still must provide: police, fire, trash, sewage, public transportation, and social services • Cities reduce services • Crime increases • Infrastructure deteriorates • Built environment declines

  9. (3) Urban Blight • Suburban office parks • Suburb to suburb commuting • Can’t provide public transportation b/c too spread out • Commute around cities instead of through them • No need to go to the stores in a city

  10. (3) Urban Blight • Contributed to Racial Segregation • “White Flight” • Generated a disparity of opportunity • Suburban Property tax revenues allow for better schools • Example: Busing in Boston 1974

  11. (4) Government Policies • Highway Trust Fund • Highway Revenue Act 1956 • Federal gasoline tax to fund road construction/maintenance • Induced Demand • Who can Explain this Positive Feedback mechanism?

  12. (4) Government Policies • Zoning • Restrict land use to specific areas: residential, industrial, commercial • In the suburbs, where the traditional “Main Street?” •  new tool: multi-use zoning

  13. (4) Government Policies • FHA (1930’s) • Federally Subsidized Mortgages • Only wrote them in the financially low-risk areas

  14. Smart Growth • Development of sustainable, healthy communities

  15. Smart Growth • Transit Oriented development • Portland, OR • Infill • Urban Growth Boundaries

  16. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place

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