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NARCM

Contribution from Natural Sources of Aerosol Particles to PM in Canada Sunling Gong Scientific Team: Tianliang Zhao, David Lavoue, Richard Leaitch,. NARCM. NCEP. Aerosol Mass Balance. ¶c. ¶c. ¶c. ¶c. ¶c. ij. ij. ij. ij. ij. =. +. +. +. ¶. t. ¶. t. ¶. t. ¶. t. ¶. t.

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NARCM

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  1. Contribution from Natural Sources of Aerosol Particles to PM in CanadaSunling GongScientific Team: Tianliang Zhao,David Lavoue, Richard Leaitch,

  2. NARCM NCEP

  3. Aerosol Mass Balance ¶c ¶c ¶c ¶c ¶c ij ij ij ij ij = + + + ¶ t ¶ t ¶ t ¶ t ¶ t TRANSPORT SURFACE CLEAR AIR DRY ¶c ¶c ij ij + + ¶ t ¶ t IN - CLOUD BELOW - CLOUDS Gong et al. 2003, JGR CAM: A Size Segregated Simulation of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes for Climate and Air Quality Models 1. Module Development

  4. Source Functions • Sea-salt • Soil dust • DMS - Sulphate • BC/OC • Bio-mass burning

  5. Source Functions – Soil Dust Horizontal and Vertical Fluxes r < 20 mm Marticorena and Bergametti [1995]

  6. Parameters Needed Source Functions – Soil Dust • Soil Features • Roughness • Texture (size distribution) • Composition • Land use • Meteorology • Wind speed • Soil moisture

  7. Source Functions – Sea-salt By two mechanisms: [Monahan et al. 1986]

  8. Source Functions – Bio-Mass B.C. (Tg year-1) P.O.M. (Tg year-1) Global Budgets for the 1980s Biomass Burning 5.96 50.4 Savannas1 Tropical forests1 Boreal & temperate vegetation fires2 Agricultural fires1 Domestic fuels1 2.17 1.93 0.33 0.53 1.00 15.5 16.6 5.9 3.1 9.3 Fossil Fuels3 5.10 9.4 Natural Sources1 _ 7.8 TOTAL 11.06 67.6 1Liousse et al. (1996), 2Lavoué et al. (2000), 3Cooke et al. (1999)

  9. Source Functions – BC/OC Boreal Forest Fire Emissions, 1998

  10. 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 BC (t) 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 1970 1971 1972 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Source Functions – BC/OC 30% Black Carbon, Canada

  11. 2,250,000 2,000,000 1,750,000 1,500,000 1,250,000 POC (t) 1,000,000 750,000 500,000 250,000 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Source Functions – BC/OC 90% Particulate Organic Carbon, Canada

  12. Source Functions – DMS nM January

  13. Results 1998 – BC/OC from biomass only 2001 – spring with all sources

  14. Results – Dust Aerosols

  15. Results – Soil Dust

  16. POM Concentrations

  17. Results – BC

  18. Results –OC Surface concentration (ng.m-3) Organic Matter Summertime Concentrations Column loading (ug.m-2) Canadian Fires, 1998

  19. Sulphate - May 1998

  20. Sulphate - Aug 1998

  21. OC/Sulphate Ratio May 1998

  22. OC/Sulphate Ratio Aug 1998

  23. BC/Sulphate Ratio May 1998

  24. BC/Sulphate Ratio Aug 1998

  25. Results – Sea-salt % Sea-salt to PM in East Canada – 2001 Spring mg m-3

  26. Results – Sea-salt % Sea-salt to PM in West Canada – 2001 Spring mg m-3

  27. Other Natural Aerosols DMS (Oceanic & Land) DMS+OH  SO2 H2SO4 Biogenic Emission Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Volcanoes SO2 and sulphate

  28. Interannual Variations – Soil Dust

  29. 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 BC (t) 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 1970 1971 1972 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Interannual Variations – Bio-Mass 30% Black Carbon, Canada

  30. 2,250,000 2,000,000 1,750,000 1,500,000 1,250,000 POC (t) 1,000,000 750,000 500,000 250,000 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Interannual Variations – Bio-Mass 90% Particulate Organic Carbon, Canada

  31. SURFACE OZONE ENHANCEMENTS CAUSED BYANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS FROM DIFFERENT CONTINENTS GEOS-CHEM model, July 1997 North America Europe Asia Li et al. [2001]

  32. Inter-continental Transport • How much background level of ozone can be attributed to inter-continental transport in Canada? • How much background level of PM in Canada can be attributed to inter-continental transport? • What is the impact of economic developments in other continents to Canadian AQ?

  33. Intercontinental transport and Climatic effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) • To conduct an assessment of long-range transport and impacts on the regional climate. • (1) the role of anthropogenic emissions originating from outside North America in U.S. air quality and the global distribution of air pollutants; • (2) the role of anthropogenic emissions from the U.S. and other developed countries in determining air quality in other regions; • (3) the contributions of important source categories (e.g., biomass burning, utility sector, transportation sector) and their pollutant emissions (e.g., ozone and PM precursors, black carbon, methane) to regional air quality and climate.

  34. Future Work • Multiyear simulation – more scenarios • High and low contributions • Large domain – including Sahara desert • Comparison with observations • Separate natural and anthropogenic simulations • Multi-frame work and pollutants • GEM/AQ, AURAMS, …. • CO, O3, BC/OC, ….

  35. Summary - 1 • A frame work for studying the contributions of natural aerosols to the background PM in Canada has been established. • Seal-salt and bio-mass burning contribute substantially to the background PM depending on time and locations.

  36. Summary - 2 • Natural contributions have a large interannual variations. • More simulations should been done to characterize the variations of these contributions as well as other natural components.

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