International Training Course on “ Sustainable Rural Development ”

1. International Training Course on “Sustainable Rural Development” Mekong Institute. Khon Kaen Thailand 25 May – 19 June 2009 Country Report KINGDOM OF MOROCCO By Abdelaali BOUDRA

2. MOROCCO

3. King and Princesse

4. Official Dress

5. Geography • ExtremeElevation : Lowest point: Sebkha tah -55 m : Highest point: Jbel Toubkal 4165 m • Natural Resources : Phosphate, Iron, Manganese, Lead, Zinc, Fish, Salt... • Coastlines : Mediterranean coastline 512 Km Atlantic coastline 2934 Km • Climates : Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior (hot in summer, fresh and wet in winter) • Landscape : Northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateau, intermountain valleys, and rich coastal plains

6. Government • Government type: Constitutional monarchy • Administrative: 37 Provinces and 16 Regions • Legal system: Based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law • Legislative branch: Bicameral Chamber of counselors  Chamber of representatives

7. Population • Population :31,840,273 (2004) • Religion : Islam • Languages : Arabic (official), French often the language of businesses, governments and policy.

8. Export and Import Export: $ 9.5 Billion • Exports commodities : Phosphates and fertilizers, fish products, food and beverages, minerals • Exports partners : France 35%, Spain 9%, UK 8 %, Germany 7%, USA 5% Import : $ 17 Billion • Imports commodities : fuel, Semi processed goods, machinery and equipment, food and beverages, consumer goods, • Imports partners : France 32%, Spain 12%, Italy 7%, UK 7%, Germany 6%

9. Agriculture • Agriculture plays a dominating role in the national economy. It contributes about 15-20 % of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides employment for about 80 % of the active population in the rural area. • On total of exploitations 1.5 millions, which 71 % are less than 5 hectares and arrange only 24 % of the useful agriculturalsurface.

10. mm 700 600 500 400 300 > 1200mm 200 1200-800 100 800-600 600-400 0 400-200 2000 1970 1980 1990 >100mm Irregular Rains

11. LAND 8,7 MILLIONS Ha UNCULTIVATED 44% 81% Rainful Irrigated 19% 7 MILLIONS Ha 1,7 MILLIONS Ha 35% 13% PASTURE 8% AGRICULTURAL FOREST DESERT PLAINS Total Area : 725 000 Km² PASTURES IRRIGUE MOUNTAINS HILLS OASIS

12. (1 000 Ha) culture fodder Cereals (5100) (350) 4% 58% 9% 3% 2% 4% 20% fruit plantations legumes culture market gardeners (900) industrial cultures (350) fallow (240) (200) (1800) LAND Useful Agricultural Area : 8,7 MILLIONS Ha

13. Since 1956: A progression important of the agricultural production Production of the vegetables Animal Production

14. Rate of self-sufficiency

15. The agricultural commercial exchanges is in constant progression 20 18 16 14 IMPORT 12 10 Billions DHs 8 6 EXPORT 4 2 0 1997 1998 1999 1996 1994 1995 1993 1989 1990 1992 1986 1987 1988 1991 1980 1984 1981 1982 1983 1985

16. The main projects of rural development • National Programs of Constructing Rural Roads • Grouped supply in water to rural population’s Program • Programs of rural Gross Electrification • National Program of scolarisation • Strategy 2020 for RD • National Initiative for Human Development

17. Infrastructure for Rural Development Since 1994, the Moroccan government launched national programs of drinkable water conveyance, rural electrification and rural track : • The programme of supply grouped drinking waterof the rural populations (PAGER): Only 64 % are covered until now . • The rural program of electrification grouped (PERG): Approximately 80% of the rural villages are electrificated. • The national program of the rural roads (PNRR): Between 1995 and 2005, 11 236 km of roads are constructed in the rural area.

18. Strategy 2020 for RD The principal aims of this strategy are: • Increase in the agricultural production to satisfy the interior food request and the external market request • Increase in the employment and the incomes of the rural population. • Protection of natural resources and the valorisation of the water of irrigation; • Reinforcement of the professional organization of the rural men and women; • Improvement of the services related to the quality of life: health, drinkable water, electricity and transport • Correction of regional imbalances as regards to infrastructures, development project and regional plans.

19. National Initiative for Human Development (2006-2010) The program is built upon three major fields: • The precarityalleviation : Homeless , beggars, ages of deprives, handicappeds persons, surrenders children, ex-held.. • Poverty alleviation in rural areas  • Social Exclusion in urban areas 

20. National Initiative for Human Development Targeted population NIHD aims especially the reduction of the poverty in 360rural districts where the rate of poverty is more than 30 % and 250 urbandistricts where the conditions of social exclusion are pointed. This targeting hase been made possible due to the poverty maps designed by the High commission in the Plan.

21. National Initiative for Human Development

22. National Initiative for Human Development Objectives: • Reduction of poverty rate by 10 % • To improve the scolarization rate of ladies aged from 6 to 11 (reach 75 %) • Reduction of illitracy rate by 20 % . • Improve the acces to the basic sanitation • To supply electricity to 100 % of villages. • To reach 95 % of the population that acces to safe water. • Promote and reinforce local governance.

23. The best practices The government's strong engagement to sustain agriculture and the farmers • priority to agriculture in the budget: 10 to 20% • The growth of the sector has been sustained by the visionary politics of 1 million hectares irrigated • The technical transformation of the Moroccan farmer remained in the center of the policies • the government committed strongly to sustain the modernization of agriculture

24. The best practices A politics of investment favorable to the agriculture • a public investment in the irrigation, the sector the more carrier of progress • an investment in the development of the pluvial zones and in the zones of course through regional and local integrated projects of development • the setting up of a Code of the Agricultural Investments for the improvement of the production of the exploitations • An agricultural credit politics, decentralized and varied, facilitated a growing access to the means of financing

25. The best practices An increasing mobilization of the profession • The profession entered gradually into the sectorial management of agriculture (networks of cooperatives & professional organizations) • The private sector entered more and more into the agro-food • The private sector takes the place of the state more and more in the processes of merchandising

26. Problems • Natural handicaps: Erratic rainfall recurrence of droughts Losses in natural resources : - erosion - deforestation - rangeland degradation…..

27. Problems • Agrarian structures : - smallness of the farms : on the average, the overall size of the farm in Morocco is less than 6 ha - fragmentation of holdings, - joint ownership, - incomplete and sound land rights in some customary tenures. do not facilitate investments in modernisation of the farming systems.

28. Other Problems - inadequate financing, - a poor farmers’ organisation, - illiteracy and - poor economic and social infrastructure.

30. Thank You