Test Writing as Genre: How to Apply What the Students Already Know

1. Test Writing as Genre: How to Apply What the Students Already Know Presented by: Tara Falasco and Kathleen Masone

2. Test Writing * What is test writing? * What place does it hold in your classroom? * In what ways do you prepare students for test writing situations?

3. Test Writing - A Snapshot How Far We Have Come 1990s: Testing for Grades 4 & 8 2006-2010: Testing for All! (Grades 3-8 testing) * Grades 3 & 5 have no writing component Present: Common Core State Standards Testing *Writing component in all grades What do you notice about the layout, questioning, and expectations of response?

4. 1990s: Graphic Organizers

5. Picture Prompts

6. 1990s: Short Answer & Extended Response Pretend you are a character… Do you think… What is the animals’ problem… Write a news article...

7. 2006-2010: Assessment for All

8. Short Answer Responses Extended Responses

9. Shifts in Testing

11. Short Response Sample and Student Response What is a theme of the myth “Why the Evergreen Trees Never Lose Their Leaves,”? Use two details from the myth to support your answer. Write your answer in complete sentences.

14. Short Response Rubric 2 Point The features of a 2-point response are • Valid inferences and/or claims from the text where required by the prompt • Evidence of analysis of the text where required by the prompt • Relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, and/or other information from the text to develop response according to the requirements of the prompt • Sufficient number of facts, definitions, concrete details, and/or other information from the text as required by the prompt • Complete sentences where errors do not impact readability 1 Point The features of a 1-point response are • A mostly literal recounting of events or details from the text as required by the prompt • Some relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, and/or other information from the text to develop response according to the requirements of the prompt • Incomplete sentences or bullets 0 Point The features of a 0-point response are •A response that does not address any of the requirements of the prompt or is totally inaccurate •No response (blank answer) •A response that is not written in English •A response that is unintelligible or indecipherable

15. Extended Response Sample Prompt

19. Now What? * What do students need to know/do to meet standards? * How can we prepare our students for testing situations in authentic ways?

20. What is a Unit of Study? * A way of planning instruction that focuses curriculum and teaching on the development and deepening of student understanding * Integrates multiple areas of areas of study * Helps teachers set a focus, purpose, and pace *Encourages you to plan with the end result in mind

21. Short Response Questions… • are designed to assess Common Core Reading and Language Standards. • are single questions in which students use textual evidence to support their own answer to an inferential question. • ask the student to make an inference (a claim, position, or conclusion) based on his or her analysis of the passage and then provide two pieces of text-based evidence to support his or her answer. • assess a student’s ability to comprehend and analyze text. • are answered using complete sentences. • should require no more than three complete sentences to be answered.

22. Extended Response Questions… • are designed to measure a student’s ability to Write from Sources. • prompt students to communicate a clear and coherent analysis of one or two texts. • involve comprehension and analysis that is directly related to grade specific reading standards. • are evaluated on the degree to which they meet grade-level writing and language expectations. • are made using a rubric that incorporates the demands of grade specific Common Core Writing, Reading, and Language standards. • require that students are evaluated across the strands with a longer piece of writing.

23. Let’s Dissect the Short Response Questions 3rd Grade 4th Grade What do you notice? What do they have in common?

24. Let’s Dissect the Short Response Questions 5th Grade 6th Grade What do you notice? What do they have in common?

25. Let’s Dissect the Extended Response Questions 3rd Grade 4th Grade

26. Let’s Dissect the Extended Response Questions 5th Grade 6th Grade

27. How to incorporate skills into Reading Workshop? • Look through standards: what skills do you need to teach? • Are there skills you can apply to task writing in general? • List mini-lessons to use with picture books to model how to answer short and extended response questions. • Create appropriate prompts. • What strategies are needed to answer the questions?

28. Reading Workshop Mini-Lessons • Test-takers use the words in the question to start their answers. • Test-takers go back to the story to find details that support their answer. • Test-takers use key vocabulary and terms in their answers. • Test-takers write RAD responses. • Test-takers copy details carefully so that everything is spelled correctly.

29. Creating Prompts Incorporate grade level standards 2. Look at sample questions focusing on the vocabulary specific to short and extended response questions. 3. Use same format and visuals so that students become comfortable 4. Vary content: social studies, science, etc.

30. Using Prompts Model with picture books: use mentor texts that incorporate the elements found in the standards Apply to their independent reading book What other areas can we use prompts?

31. Different Prompts Unhei’s feelings change about her name from the beginning of the story to the end. How does Unhei feel at the beginning of the story? How does she feel at the end? Why do her feelings change? Use details from the story to support your response. The life of a child living in the 21st century is very different than the life of a child who lived during the pre-historic New York times. Compare and contrast your life today in the 21st century with the life of a child during pre-historic New York times. Use details from the textbook to support your response. In your response, be sure to • explain how your life and the life of a child during pre-historic New York times were the same • explain how your life and the life of a child during pre-historic New York times were different • use details from the textbook to support your answer In your response, be sure to • explain how Unhei feels at the beginning of the story • explain how Unhei feels at the end of the story • explain why her feelings change • use details from the story to support your response Think about one of the characters you read about. What character traits did he/she have? Give at least two specific examples from the text of how the author showed that trait or traits to the reader.

32. Applying Skills to a Test The goal of teaching these skills in areas is for students to be comfortable with the layout and types of questions before seeing the test. By using picture books, TFK magazines, content-area texts, and independent reading books, students get practice without feeling the stress/pressure of “teaching to the test.”

33. Answering a Short Response Question • Restate: Use the words from the question to start your answer. • Answer: Read question carefully and answer what is being asked. • Details: Go back to the story and find the amount of details needed to support your answer.

34. Planning for an Extended Response Question • First bullet: Restate question • 1. and include two details • 2. and include two details Topic Sentence Bullet #1 • Second bullet: Restate question 1. and include two details 2. and include two details Bullet #2 Bullet #3 • Third bullet: Restate question 1. and include two details 2. and include two details

35. Answering an Extended Response Question In the story, _______________________, by _________________, Thomas’s mood changes from the beginning of the story to the end. At the beginning of the story Thomas feels… At the end of the story Thomas feels… His mood changes because...

36. Workshop materials can be found at: Questions or comments? Please feel free to contact us. We look forward to hearing from you. Tara Falasco: Tara.Falasco@gmail.com Kathleen Masone: khickson@optonline.net