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THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH. The Times of Isaiah. B.C. 740. 715. 690. 790. 765. Uzziah (790-739). Ahaz (732-715). Hezekiah (715-686). Jotham (750-735). Kings of Judah. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH. THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY.

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THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

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  1. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

  2. The Times of Isaiah B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Jotham (750-735) Kings of Judah

  3. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY

  4. Isaiah 1:1, “The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.” “Shebnayahu, official to Uzziah” THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY

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  6. Isaiah 1:1, “The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.” “Belonging to Ahaz, (son of) Jotham, king of Judah” THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY

  7. The Kings of Isaiah’s Day B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Tiglath- pileser III 745-727 B.C. Kings of Assyria

  8. Tiglath-pileser III (r. 745-727)

  9. THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY “I received the tribute of Kushtashpi of Commagene, Urik of Qu’e….Jehoahaz of Judah...” (The Ancient Near East, vol. 1, James Pritchard, p. 193)

  10. Isaiah 1:1, “The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.” “Belonging to Hizqiyahu, (son of) Ahaz, king of Judah.” THE KINGS OF ISAIAH’S DAY

  11. The Kings of Isaiah’s Day B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Sennacherib 705-681 B.C. Tiglath- pileser III Kings of Assyria

  12. Isaiah 1:1, “The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.” “The officials, the patricians and the (common) people of Ekron -- who had thrown Padi, their king, in fetters (because he was) loyal to (his) solemn oath (sworn) by the god Ashur, and had handed him over to Hezekiah, the Jew -- (and) he held him in prison…” (ANE, Pritchard, p. 199)

  13. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. • The threat from Israel and Syria during Ahaz’s reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

  14. ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Pekah (742-732) Hoshea Tiglath- pileser III 745-727 B.C. Kings of Assyria

  15. 2 Kgs, 16:7, “So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglathpileserking of Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me.”

  16. Tigl.-pileser 2 Kgs. 16:8, “And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of Jehovah, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the king of Assyria. 9 And the king of Assyria hear- kened unto him; and the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin.”

  17. 2 Kgs. 15:29, “In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abel-beth-maacah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali; and he carried them captive to Assyria.” “Israel…all its inhabitants (and) their possessions I led to Assyria.” (ANE, Pritchard, 194) “…And the spoil of Samaria shall be carried away before the king of Assyria” (Isa. 8:4)

  18. 2Kgs. 15:30, “And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.” “….They overthrew their king Pekah and I placed Hoshea king over them.” (ANE, Pritchard, 194) Isaiah 7:1-8:4

  19. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. • The threat from Israel and Syria during Ahaz’s reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4 • Sargon’s capture of Ashdod, 20:1

  20. SARGON II’S PALACE

  21. ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Sargon II, 722-705 Tiglath- pileser III Sennacherib Kings of Assyria

  22. “Azuri, king of Ashdod, had schemed not to deliver tribute any more and sent messages (full) of hostilities against Assyia, to the kings (living) in his neighborhood…. “I besieged (and) captured the cities of Ashdod, Gath, Asdudimmu…” (ANE, Pritchard, 197) Isaiah 20:1

  23. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. • The threat from Israel and Syria during Ahaz’s reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4 • Sargon’s capture of Ashdod, 20:1 • Sennacherib’s first invasion, 36:1

  24. ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Sennacherib 705-681 B.C. Tiglath- pileser III Kings of Assyria Shal- maneser Sargon

  25. “As to Hezekiah, the Jew, he did not submit to my yoke, I laid siege to 46 of his strong cities, walled forts and to the countless small villages in their vicinity, and conquered (them) by means of well-stamped (earth-)ramps, and battering-rams brought (thus) near (to the walls) …. “I drove out 200,150 people, young and old, male and female…” (ANE, Pritchard, p. 199) Isaiah 36:1

  26. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. • The threat from Israel and Syria during Ahaz’s reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4 • Sargon’s capture of Ashdod, 20:1 • Sennacherib’s first invasion, 36:1 • The siege of Lachish, 36:2

  27. (Siege of Lachish) "Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria, sat on his nimedu-throne, and passed in review the booty taken from Lachish.” (ANE, Pritchard, 201)

  28. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. • The threat from Israel and Syria during Ahaz’s reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4 • Sargon’s capture of Ashdod, 20:1 • Sennacherib’s first invasion, 36:1 • The siege of Lachish, 36:2 • The fall of Samaria, 36:19

  29. ISAIAH’S RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C. Fall of Samaria, 709 B.C. 740 715 690 790 765 Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz (732-715) Hezekiah (715-686) Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735) Shal- manezer Sargon II Tiglath- pileser III Sennach. Kings of Assyria

  30. Isa. 36:19, “Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?” “Property of Sargon… king of Assyria… conqueror of Samaria and of the entire (country of) Israel…” (ANE, Pritchard, 195)

  31. THE BOOK OF ISAIAH ISAIAH’S PREDICTIVE PROPHECIES, 13:1, 19; 45:1, 13

  32. Prophecies concerning nations

  33. Prophecies concerning nations

  34. “...Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom...All the kingdoms of the earth hath Jehovah, the God of heaven, given me; and he hath charged me to build him a house in Jerusa- lem...” (Ezra 1:1-2) “Thus saith Jehovah to his anointed, to Cyrus….he shall build my city, and he shall let my exiles go free…” (Isa. 45: 1,13) Prophecies concerning nations

  35. The Dead Sea Scrolls

  36. Dating the Isaiah Scroll Zurich carbon dating at 1-σ level: 201-93 BC Tucson carbon datingat 1-σ level: 341-325 or 202-114 BC Zurich carbon dating at 2-σ level: 351-296 or 230-48 BC Tucson carbon datingat 2-σ level: 351-295 or 230-53 BC (The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity, by James C. VanderKam and Peter Flint, p. 32)

  37. Carbon Dating 600 500 400 300 200 100 (Years B.C.)

  38. Paleography: English Script of the 17th Century

  39. Dating the Isaiah Scroll Paleography: “Among Semitic paleographers in Great Britain, Dr. S.A. Birnbaum, of the London School of Oriental and African Studies, occupies a position second to none....His verdict on the date of...the complete Isaiah scroll (Isaiah A) between 175 and 150 B.C.” (F.F. Bruce,Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls,pp. 42-43)

  40. Paleography 600 500 400 300 200 100 (Years B.C.)

  41. Probable Date of the Isaiah Scroll LXX 600 500 400 300 200 100 (Years B.C.)

  42. Probable Date of the Book of Isaiah 800 700 600 500 400 300 (Years B.C.)

  43. Fall of Babylon; rise of Cyrus 800 700 600 500 400 300 (Years B.C.)

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