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Standard 3 Christian Tarantola 5. Question 1 - 10. 15 . Analyze and/or explain the causes of the economic challenges faced by American Farmers?. Answer 1 – 10.
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Standard 3 Christian Tarantola 5
Question 1 - 10 • 15. Analyze and/or explain the causes of the economic challenges faced by American Farmers?
Answer 1 – 10 • 15. New inventions helped farmers increase production. since there was more of an abundance of crops the prices dropped. they were in debt from buying all the new machines to help grow crops but since the prices of crops dropped they were making less. the gold standard made things worse for farmers because it raises the value of money. their loans remained but there income decreased
Question 1 - 20 • 16. Identify strategies used by farmers to address the economic challenges faced by American farmers?
Answer 1 – 20 • 16. To try and help their situation they formed the populist party they wanted to eliminate the gold standard, passage of an income tax, the end of life tenure of federal judges, and the end of printing of paper currency by private banks.
Question 1 - 30 • 17. Analyze and/or explain the social and/or political causes and/or conditions in government, society, and the economy that contributed to the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 1 – 30 • 17. The second industrial revolution helped us shift from an economy based on manual labor to one dominated by industry the inventions that came about during this time helped people work and no things more efficiently people starts buying more things and there were people monopolizing parts of the industry.
Question 1 - 40 • 18. Explain and/or evaluate the significance of events, movements, and people in American society prior to and/or during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 1 – 40 • 18. The second industrial revolution was from 1870-1914. Between 1820 and 1860, the visual map of the United States was change by unprecedented urbanization and rapid territorial expansion. These changes is what started the Second Industrial Revolution which peaked between 1870 and 1914. Between the annexation of Texas (1845), the British retreat from Oregon country, and The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) which cemented Mexican cession of the Southwest to the United States, territorial expansion exponentially rewrote the competing visions free-soilers, European immigrants, industrial capitalists, and Native Americans held for the future of the American Empire. the red indicates the railroads
Question 1 - 50 • 19. Analyze and/or evaluate the human experience during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 1 – 50 • 19. For one thing, all unneeded human motions were eliminated such as hand tools. a diesel engine was designed. New ways of manufacturing textiles, the steam engine, and advances in metal working freed us to make more, and make it faster.
Question 2 - 10 • 20. Identify the new industries and/or economic innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution and their impact on American economy and society?
Answer 2 – 10 • 20. The Bessemer Steel Process, removed carbon from iron to produce steel. It was light, flexible, and rust resistant other than steel. The Bessemer Steel Process became highly known for railroads, new farming machines, and construction of skyscrapers and bridges. Railroads were another innovation that highly impacted Americans in the Second revolution. They were need by the government to expand the country. The Transcontinental Railway was a railroad that connected Central Pacific and the Union Pacific to Promontory, Utah. It allowed to transfer people and send mail, meat, cargo faster and easier. It also gave jobs to many American people and immigrants. It was a harsh job and corrupt to the point the government had to regulate it. Electricity is also another invention, invented by Thomas Edison. It gave the opportunity for many other inventions to be created because of it.
Question 2 - 20 • 21. Identify the significant inventors of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 2 – 20 • 21. Significant inventors of the Second Industrial revolution are Henry Bessemer and William Kelley(Bessemer Steel Process), Thomas Edison (electricity), Henry Ford (Ford automobile, assembly line), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone). Innovators: Andrew Carnegie (steel), John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Company), Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroad expansion), and JP Morgan (Banking).
Question 2 - 30 • 22. Compare and contrast the experiences of Northern European, Southern European, and Asian immigrants during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 2 – 30 • 22. Because of the advances the Second Industrial Revolution had to offer, numerous immigrants viewed America as a fresh start. The Second Industrial Revolution is generally recognized as the period between 1870 and 1914 in which the U.S. received an abundance of natural resources from its newly acquired territories, a growing supply of labor immigrating from Europe, an expanding market for manufactured goods, and the availability of capital for investment. The Second Industrial Revolution took local communities and their new products out of the shadow of large regional agricultural based economies which was assisted by new labor forces and production techniques. Also, innovations in transportation, such as roads, steamboats, the Eerie Canal, and most notably railroads, linked distant, previously isolated communities together. Overall, the rapid growth of manufacturing from 1880 to 1920 relied heavily on immigrant labor. In the latter part of the 19th century, the cotton manufacturing industry and the iron and steel industry relied heavily on “old immigrants” from Great Britain and Northwestern Europe, but in the early decades of the 20th century, the rapid growth of these industries became increasingly dependent on “new immigrants” from Southern and Eastern Europe. The dominance of the Eastern European immigrants were located in apparel manufacture (and trade), but immigrants were also over-represented in mining and construction and throughout the heavy industries in the Northeast and Midwest. However, the fact that one-third of European immigrants from 1908 to 1923 returned to Europe demonstrates the difficulties of what both European and Asian immigrants had to deal with to adjust to life. To make matters worse, the massive wave of European immigration from 1880 to 1920 raised the demand for labor and drew even larger numbers from the dispossessed Southern peasantry, thus making employment in industrializing America difficult to find. As a matter a fact, because of the mass amounts of immigrants coming over to America because of economic hardships, religious persecutions, or other conflicts in their homelands, Congress began taking action by restricting immigrants from entering. One of these actions includes the Chinese Exclusion Act which banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. Not only that, but a local board of education in San Francisco segregated Japanese children by putting them in separate schools. However, Japan raised an angry protest at the treatment of its emigrants, so President Theodore Roosevelt known as the Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907-1908. Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order. All the groups of immigrants experienced hardships, but Asians experienced a little bit more maltreatment than Europeans who only dealt with the struggles of work
Question 2 - 40 • 23. Explain the impact of social change and reform movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Answer 2 – 40 • 23. From the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, numerous reform movements aroused to instill social changes. Society called attention to issues that they were unsatisfied with; for example, during this time period the Progressive movement took place. The progressive movements hoped to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life. Many social welfare reformers worked to soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization. The Social Gospel and settlement house aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches, and social services. In addition, many acts helped inspire workers for rights; the Illinois Factory Act in 1893 prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours. Beforehand, they were forced to work back breaking jobs throughout numerous hours in poor conditions that were often harmful and unsanitary for a terrible pay. Other reformers felt that morality held the key to improving the lives of poor people. They wanted immigrants and poor city dwellers to uplift themselves by improving their personal behavior; prohibition, the banning of alcoholic beverages, was one such program. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was amongst the groups that actively supported the crusade for prohibition. They also took part in other reform activities that provided women with extended public roles, which they used to justify giving women voting rights. When the U.S. was founded, only white men were allowed to vote and elect representatives to government. In the new 20th Century, many women were demanding suffrage, or the right to vote. They tried to convince state legislators to grant women the right to vote, and then pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment, and lastly they pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the vote. By the turn of the century, the campaign for suffrage achieved only modest success. However, efforts paid off in improvements in the treatment of workers and in safer food and drug products throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. It’s during this time, in which citizens forced their voices to be heard in order to have the people’s best interest in mind. Changes were presented through reform movements which offered hope and somewhat equality to all the people.
Question 2 - 50 • 24. Assess government policies and the labor movement of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer 2 – 50 • 24. Beginning with Alexander Hamilton’s proposals for a Federal Bank, protective tariff, and support for the Whig Party’s push for internal improvements. During the canal and railroad building frenzy of the 1820’s- 1850’s, state governments did their best to encourage the development of an infrastructure. Real assistance for industrial growth came after the Civil War when the North triumphed and was able to impose its economic priorities on the rest of the country. High protective tariffs were passed to shield American businesses from foreign competition. An open door immigration policy guaranteed a lot of workers willing to labor for long hours at low wages. A sound money policy kept the currency from inflating and convinced creditors they would not be repaid with dollars of equal value. Striking workers were harassed and often arrested by state, local, and national governments dedicated to keeping an obedient work force. Millions of dollars and acres of land were granted to corporations to encourage them to lay more railroad track than were laid in the world. Perhaps the most important was to just leave them alone and unregulated, so businessmen didn’t worry about government interfering with their activities and they had freedom (with limits) to make money in anyway they could (Also called “laissez-faire”). The labor movement in the U.S. grew out of need to protect the common interest of workers. For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired.
Question 3 - 10 • 25. Explain the impact of key events and peoples in Florida history related to the Second Industrial Revolution?
Answer 3 – 10 25. People: 1880: Henry B.Plant becomes a Florida railroad tycoon. After the Civil War, seasoned businessman Henry B. Plant bought two bankrupt railroad companies. He fixed the war- ruined lines and over the next 20 years built a railroad empire that controlled more than 2,100 miles of track throughout the South. With Tampa Bay as its headquarters, Plant's system of railroads became essential for moving Florida's produce to customers in the North. People: 1883: Henry Flagler begins development of Eastern Florida. Henry Flagler made his fortune as a partner in the Standard Oil Company. In 1883 Flagler began reinvesting his money in Florida businesses. In 1888 he built the 540-room Hotel Ponce de Leon in St. Augustine. In 1894 the 1150-room Royal Poinciana Hotel opened in Palm Beach. Later he built the Florida East Coast Railway, extending it all the way to Miami. In 1902 Flagler unveiled Whitehall, a 60,000-square-foot winter retreat for the wealthy, located in Palm Beach. Then, in 1905 Flagler began construction on an extension of the Florida East Coast Railway from Biscayne Bay to Key West, some 128 miles from the tip of the Florida peninsula. Events:1834-Present: Railroads open Florida to new growth. Florida's sometimes difficult terrain proved no match for 19th-century railroad tycoons. Impressed with the state's tropical climate and natural resources. Henry B. Plant and Henry Flagler built transportation empires that linked Florida's farms to Northern markets. Later, the railroads spurred the state's booming population growth and tourism industry. Events:1888-Present: Opulent hotels attract tourists. The construction of the Hotel Ponce de Leon in 1888 and the Tampa Bay Hotel in 1891made Florida a top destination for America's elite. Henry Flagler's string of opulent accommodations stretched along his railroad line from St. Augustine to Miami. His most famous hotels included the Hotel Ormond just north of Daytona, the 1150-room Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach, and the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel in Miami.
Question 3 - 20 • Agricultural Surplus: An Agricultural Production That Exceeds The Needs Of The Society For Which It Is Being Produced • Business Monopolies: When One Person Or Company Has Control Over A Majority Of A Particular Product Or Service To The Point Where There Is No Competition • Cross Of Gold: A Speech Delivered By William Jennings Bryan At The 1896 Democratic National Convention In Chicago That Advocated Bimetallism. The Democratic Party Wanted To Standardize The Value Of The Dollar To Silver And Opposed The “Gold Standard”. • Farmers Alliance: A Group Of Farmers, Or Those In Sympathy With Farming Issues, That Sent Lecturers From Town To Town To Educate People About Agricultural And Rural Issues. • Government Regulation Of Food And Drugs: The Country's And Congress's Attention With Public Hygiene Demonstrations Which Were Responsible For Protecting And Promoting Public Health Through The Regulation And Supervision Of Food Safety, Tobacco Products, Dietary Supplements, Prescription And Over-the-counter Pharmaceutical Drugs (Medications), Vaccines, Etc. • Grange: The Patrons Of Husbandry- A Social And Educational Organization Through Which Farmers Attempted To Combat The Power Of The Railroads In The Late 19th Century • Granger Laws: A Series Of Laws Which Regulated Long- And Short-haul Discrimination And Other Railroad “Abuses” Against Farmers. • Homestead Act (1862): A Law Enacted In 1862 That Provided 160 Acres In The West To Any Citizen Who Was Head Of Household And Would Cultivate The Land For Five Years • Industrialization: The Development Of Industry On An Extensive Scale. • Interstate Commerce Act: A Law Designed To Regulate The Railroad Industry Pertaining To Its Monopolists Practices. • Populism: The Political Doctrine That Supports The Rights And Powers Of The Common People In Their Struggle With Privileged Elite • Urbanization: Taken On The Characteristics Of A City
Answer 3 – 20 • African American Inventors: George Crum, Lewis Larimer, Garret A. Morgan, Dr. Charles, Richard Drew, Frederick’s M. Jones, James E. West, George Caruthers, Dr. Patricia Bath • American Federation Of Labor: A Federation Of North American Labor Unions That Merged With The Congress Of Industrial Organization In 1995 • Bessemer Process: A Steal Making Process In Which Carbon, Silicon, And Other Impurities Are Removed • Child Labor: The Use Of Children In Industry • Chinese Exclusion Act: A Law That Suspended Chinese Immigration Intend To Last 10 Years • Everglades: Subtropical Marshy Region • Gentlemen's Agreement: An Agreement Based On Honor And Not Legally Binding • Government Regulation: Regulation Is "Controlling Human Or Societal Behavior By Rules Or Restrictions." Regulation Can Take Many Forms • Great Migration: The Great Migration Was The Movement Of 2 Million African Americans Out Of The Southern United States To The Midwest, Northeast And West • Haymarket Riot: The Haymarket Affair (Also Known As The Haymarket Massacre) Refers To The Aftermath Of A Bombing That Took Place At A Labor Demonstration On Tuesday May 4, 1886, At Haymarket Square In Chicago • Hennery Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) Was An American Tycoon, Real Estate Promoter, Railroad Developer • Homestead Strike: The Homestead Strike Was An Industrial Lockout And Strike Which Began On June 30, 1892, Culminating In A Battle Between Strikers And Private Security Agents On July 6, 1892. • Ida Tarbell: United States Writer Remembered For Her Muckraking Investigations Into Industries In The Early 20th Century (1857-1944) • Immigration: The Action Of Coming To Live Permanently In A Foreign Country • INNOVATION: A New Idea, Method, Or Device • Knights Of Labor- A Secret Organization Whose Professed Purpose Is To Secure And Maintain The Rights Of Workingmen As Respects Their Relations To Their Employer. • Labor Unions- An Organized Association Of Workers, Often In A Trade Or Profession, Formed To Protect And Further Their Rights And Interests. • Market Economy- An Economy That Relies Chiefly On Market Forces To Allocate Goods And Resources And To Determine Prices. • Muckrakers- One Who Spreads Real Or Alleged Scandal About Another (Usually For Political Advantage). • National Woman Suffrage Association- Gave Priority To Securing Women The Right To Vote, And The Group Often Stirred Public Debate Through Its Reform Proposals On A Number Of Social Issues, Including Marriage And Divorce, Founded By Susan B. Anthony And Elizabeth Cady Stanton. • Planned Economy- An Economic System In Which The Government Controls And Regulates Production, Distribution, Prices, Etc. • Political Machine- A Political Organization That Controls Enough Votes To Maintain Political And Administrative Control Of Its Community. • Pullman Strike (1894)- Nonviolent Strike Caused By The Pullman Palace Car Company Cutting Wages As Demand For New Passenger Cars Plummeted And The Company's Revenue Dropped. A Delegation Of Workers Complained That Wages Had Been Cut But Not Rents At Their Company Housing, And Other Costs In The Company Town. The Company Owner, George Pullman, Refused To Lower Rents Or Go To Arbitration. It Was Ended By The President For It Interfered With The Mailing
Answer 3 – 30 • m
Question 3 - 40 • Identify and evaluate the causes and/or consequences of the Civil War.
Answer 3 – 40 • Causes of the Civil War include economic differences between the North and the South—The North thrived off of industry and the South thrived off of agriculture. The growth of the Abolition Movement also contributed to the Civil War as the North became more and more fixated on a country without slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Dread Scott Case, John Brown’s raid, and the Fugitive Slave Act all led to the start of the war. These issues divided the country and turned many people against each other, many perished, and money became scarce.
Question 3 - 50 • Identify the economic , political and/or social causes of the Civil War.
Answer 3 – 50 • Economic causes of the Civil War include the contrasting economies in the North and South. The North was industrialized, creating goods in factories to be exported all across the world. The South was based off of agriculture, utilizing plantations and enslaved labor to grow cotton and other goods. While both economies were vital for a productive country, the contrasting moral ideals of the North and South created tension. Politically, The North considered themselves the Union, a united force against slavery. The South created the Confederacy, which united states that were supportive of slavery. The Union and the Confederacy each had their own political views and to an extent, their own governments.
Question 4 - 10 • Identify varying points of view regarding the main causes of the Civil War.
Answer 4 – 10 • From the South’s point of view, the main cause of the Civil War was the need to defend their right to own slaves, as their economy depended on their labor in plantations. The North wanted to abolish inhumane captivity and treatment of African Americans and wanted to unite the country rather than be divided.
Question 4 - 20 • Evaluate the constitutional issues relevant to the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Answer 4 – 20 • After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment (outlaw of slavery), the 14th Amendment (all persons born in the United States are granted citizenship) and the 15th Amendment (the right to vote will not be denied due to one’s race or ethnicity) were added to the Constitution. However, these were contradicted by the passing of the Black Codes, limiting the North’s Civil war efforts and disregarding the Constitution. Constant retaliation by the South made reconstruction efforts difficult.
Question 4 - 30 • Identify the economic, political, and/or social consequences of Reconstruction.
Answer 4 – 30 • The South was devastated after the Civil War. Southern planters returned home to find that the amount their property would sell for had plummeted. Small farms had been ruined. • The population had also dropped. Hundreds of thousands had died in the war. • Sharecropping and tenant farming came in to being during Reconstruction. Without their own land, African Americans, as well as poor white farmers, couldn’t grow crops to sell or to feed their families. There was a lack of unity in the Republican Party. They had split into groups known as Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, and African Americans. They had this lack of unity because of there differing goals. In particular, few Scalawags shared the Republican commitment to civil rights for African Americans. White Southerners refused to accept the African Americans’ new status and fought the idea of equal rights.
Question 4 - 40 • Identify and/or categorize the influence of significant people or groups on Reconstruction.
Answer 4 – 40 • Lincoln • He was the President of the United States. He is also the one who created the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. This plan angered a small group of Republicans in Congress known as Radical Republicans led by Charles Sumner • Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania were the leaders of the Radical Republicans. They wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders and wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote. • Andrew Johnson was President after Lincoln. His plan was a little different than that of Lincoln’s plan. He tried to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy landowners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges. This President ended up impeached. The Ku Klux Klan • They wanted to destroy the Republican Party because they wanted Civil Rights for everyone. The KKK didn’t wanted this to happen. They were involved in lynching.
Question 4 - 50 • Describe the issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era.
Answer 4 – 50 • The Scalawags thought of their own power. Few were for African American vote. Some of them put down wealthy farmers so that they could grow. • Carpetbaggers were described as poor, in fact so poor that they came with all their possessions in a small carpet bag, a traveling bag made from carpeting. They wanted African American vote like the Africans themselves.
Question 5 - 10 • Identify the significance and/or impact of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the constitution on African Americans and other groups.
Answer 5 – 10 • The 13th Amendment finally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude unless used as a punishment of crime. • The 14th Amendment states that all citizen have the right to due process of law regardless of race, or any excuse to deny due process. • The 15th Amendment makes it illegal for the federal government and the states to use a citizen’s race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting. • All of these amendments occurred during the reconstruction era to better the living of the African Americans as well as other races discriminated against.
Question 5 - 20 • Explain how Jim Crow laws circumvented the intent and meaning of the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments.
Answer 5 – 20 • The 13th- 15th Amendments to the constitution had granted blacks the same legal protections as Whites. However, the Jim Crow laws restricted these rights. The Supreme Court weakened the Constitutional protections of blacks with the Plessy vs. Ferguson case, which legitimized Jim Crow Laws. • Plessy vs. Ferguson case = Plessy claimed that the Jim Crow Laws violated his right to equal protection but the court ruled separate but equal did not violate anything.
Question 5 - 30 • Analyze and/or explain the various components of the Jim Crow legislation and their effects on Southern minorities.
Answer 5 – 30 • The Jim Crow Laws were a set of segregation laws that called for blacks and whites to maintain separate facilities in public and private. • People who were against this tried this (Plessy vs. Ferguson) in court got shot down because the court believed it sepreate but equal didn’t violate the 14th Amendment. • Racial Segregation was put into effects in schools, parks, hospitals, and transportation systems.
Question 5 - 40 • Identify settlement patterns in the American West, the reservation system, and/or the tribulations of the native Americans from 1865-90.
Answer 5 – 40 • In Western America, there were mostly Native Americans until the White settlers push westward into their territory (The Great Plains). Each Native Americans on the plain usually live in small extended family groups with ties to other bands that spoke the same language. Due to the Dawes Acts when white settlers aimed to “Americanize” Native Americans, they broke up the reservations and gave some of the land the individual Native Americans. They lost two third of their land and received not money from it.
