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Chapter 2: Roots of American Democracy

Chapter 2: Roots of American Democracy. Week 4. Roots of Am. Government. Enlightenment: Period during 16/1700’s where people began to use science and reason to question many institutions of society

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Chapter 2: Roots of American Democracy

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  1. Chapter 2: Roots of American Democracy Week 4

  2. Roots of Am. Government • Enlightenment: Period during 16/1700’s where people began to use science and reason to question many institutions of society • Monarch: King or Queen ruling a country, typical form of leadership for European nations at this time. Usually held absolute or near absolute power • During Enlightenment, many began to question the legitimacy of a monarch in power. Restrictions (England) & Revolutions (France) would take place.

  3. Roots of Am. Government • Parliament: British legislative (lawmaking) body. • Gained power from King in England through 1600’s. • English Bill of Rights/Glorious Revolution of 1688/89 established powers of Parliament in writing that King could not take away • Common Law: laws develop out of traditions and previous court rulings, rather than laws made by the legislature

  4. Chapter 2 Key Terms • Ordered Government: Has structure, people have positions (President, Congress, etc…) • Limited Government: There are limits on what government can do, people have rights that cannot be taken away • Representative Government: Government should serve the will of the people (people have a voice in govt)

  5. English Roots of Government • Rule of law: All people, even the King, must obey the law • Magna Carta (1215): King John of England signed guaranteeing the people basic rights • Limited Government: The power of the King has limits, not all powerful • Individual Rights: rights the people have that can’t be taken away by govt.

  6. Documents Influencing Early Government Magna Carta: 1215 (England) Barons vs. King John Petition of Right: 1628 (England) Parliament and Charles I English Bill of Rights: 1688 England Parliament and Will/Mary of Orange • Trial by jury (6th Amend.) • Due process of law (5th Amend.) • Later, All people, not just privileged protected (14th Amend.) • Power of monarch not absolute (limited by the document) • Trial by jury for political critics (1st Amend. Speech and 6th Amend.) • Can’t rule by force • No quartering of soldiers (3rd Amend.) • Monarchs must obey law of land (Constitution) • Fair Speedy Trial (6th Amend.) • Parliament approves changes to laws (Art. 1, Sec. 8 Powers of Congress) • Freedom from excessive bail (8th Amend.) • No cruel and unusual punishment (8th Amend.) • Free elections

  7. Borrowed from English Enlightenment • Natural Rights: rights that people have by being born human and not government can take away • Life, liberty, property ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • John Locke: English writer who supported the idea of natural rights/social contract when government is not protective of the rights of its citizens • Social Contract: People have natural rights that cannot be taken from the by the government • Contract: people give up some freedom, to govt • Govt protects the people’s rights/safety • If govt breaks contract, people can?????

  8. Problems w/Britain 1765 - Stamp Act: Tax on any written document • Stamp Act Congress: 9 colonies sent Delegates (representatives) to meet and write formal protest to King • Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Acts eventually Repealed (removed) Tea Act: Could only purchase tea from British East India Company

  9. Boston Tea Party – Dec 16, 1773 Colonial Protest of the Tea Acts

  10. Intolerable Acts • Passed as punishment for Boston Tea party and other protests • Closed Boston Harbor (no trade) • No more govt meetings • Criminal trials in Britain (no fair trial) • Forced Colonists to shelter troops

  11. 1st Continental Congress (1774) To respond to Britain’s passage of Intolerable Acts Colonists urged to boycott (refuse to buy/trade) with Britain Set up the Second Continental Congress 2nd Continental Congress (1775) Revolution War already begun All 13 colonies sent delegates Unicameral Congress, John Hancock elected as President of the Congress Fought war, raised & paid army, made treaties Legislative & Executive power (could make and enforce laws) The Colonists Respond

  12. Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776 • Declared Independence from England • Officially created the United States of America • Claimed England had broken Social Contract

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