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Biosecurity on the Horse Farm

Biosecurity on the Horse Farm. INAG 120 – Equine Health Management December 7, 2011. Group Discussion. How do diseases spread? What biosecurity /farm management practices would you put into place on your horse farm?. How Do Diseases Spread?. Air Living animals of the same species

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Biosecurity on the Horse Farm

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  1. Biosecurity on the Horse Farm INAG 120 – Equine Health Management December 7, 2011

  2. Group Discussion How do diseases spread? What biosecurity/farm management practices would you put into place on your horse farm?

  3. How Do Diseases Spread? • Air • Living animals of the same species • Living animals of other species • Dead or sick animals • Feed • Water • Movement of contaminated personnel, equipment and vehicles • Movement of effluent between properties

  4. Control of Infectious Diseases • The plan for infection control entails two main components • Avoid or minimize exposure • Optimize resistance • Vaccination • Optimize overall health care • Areas to consider • Nutrition and training/exercise schedule • Ventilation and airflow in stabling area • Insect control • Deworming schedule

  5. Equine Disease Control Program • Optimize health and nutrition plans for animals • Use rodent, parasite and vector control programs throughout the year • Do not allow horse access to streams and waterways • Contract with a veterinarian and clearly post their contact information

  6. Equine Disease Control Program • Communication is key • Limit human access to barns if they are not clientele or workers • Clean and disinfect barns, stalls and equipment regularly • Discard all manure and bedding from stalls that house sick horses

  7. How do we control disease? • Vaccinations • Farm Management

  8. Horse Lifestyles – Pasture Potatoes!

  9. Breeding

  10. Showing and trail-riding

  11. Risk of Disease • Varies by type of horse population! • Some horses predisposed to disease if exposed: • Foals, old horses • Problems with digestive function • Drug treatments • Situations can increase risk of exposure • Comingling with other horses • Exposure to insects

  12. Controlling Infectious Diseases • Two main components: • Avoid or minimize exposure • Optimize resistance • Vaccination • Optimize overall health care • Other

  13. Minimize transport stress and optimize ventilation and nutrition

  14. Insect Control

  15. Examples and Methods of Exposure

  16. What are your options? • Not as easy as ONLY vaccinating • Risk aversion of the operation or horse owner? • All will come at some cost!

  17. Options for managing risk posed by horse contact • Establish health requirements for visiting horses • Establish health requirements for new arrivals • Horses returning after an event? • Isolation/monitoring of new arrivals • Segregation by risk level • Monitoring for illness + plan of action

  18. Examples of Health Requirements • Certificate of veterinary inspection (health certificate) • Timing of exam vs. arrival of horse? • Ask about past medical history • Illness in this horse or others it has been around • Examine horse when it arrives • Test for infection • Coggins test • Others (i.e., screening for strangles)

  19. Isolation of New Arrivals • Adequate facilities? • Adequate equipment? • Enough personnel? • All must be present to ensure good infection control!

  20. Facilities • Separated from other horses for (ideally) a minimum of 3 weeks • How far apart? • Distances diseases travel not established • “35 feet” rule for neurological herpes virus? • Management • Separate equipment • Do new horses last

  21. Where does the drain go?

  22. What if facilities or schedules don’t allow isolation? • Group horses according to use/exposure potential • Commingled horses are of equal status – exposure WILL happen between them

  23. Keep number of horses per group as small as possible

  24. Minimize contact between groups

  25. Communication with staff! • Make sure they know the rules! • Language barriers? • Signage

  26. Spread of disease can happen easily!

  27. Visitors and employees? • Ask! Especially if there is a current disease outbreak in the area • Use good hygiene methods • Have a plan in case of outbreak

  28. Route of exposure? Can you control it? Consider all means of disease transmission

  29. Insects, rodents, other animals!

  30. Early detection is key • Determine cause of disease • Allows you to develop a control plan • Isolate ill horse(s) at first sign of disease • DO NOT MOVE EXPOSED HORSES • Until you have determined they don’t pose a risk to unexposed horses • Monitor exposed horses for illness

  31. Facility Design • Think about infection control before you build • Alleyways • High traffic areas • Treatment areas (stocks, wash stall, etc.) • Ease of cleaning • Can it be isolated?

  32. Traffic patterns • People, animals, vehicles • Farm personnel • Veterinarians • Farriers • Visitors • Horse owners (boarders) • Wheel barrows, trucks, trailers, tractors, 4-wheelers, etc.

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