Soil and Rapid Changes Review

1. Soil and Rapid Changes Review

2. The breaking down of rock is called • sedimentation • weathering • flow • growth

3. Why can floods be helpful? • They can bring rich soil into an area. • They damage many homes and roads. • They make the Earth’s mantle stronger. • They form new islands in the ocean.

4. What is melted rock that has erupted from a volcano called when it reaches the surface? • lava • plate • crust • magma

5. What happens when living things decompose? • They store up fat for the winter. • They grow healthy and strong. • They have babies. • Their parts break down into soil.

6. What happens during weathering? • Animals move to warm places for the winter • Rocks crack and break into smaller pieces • Water and wind carry away rocks and soil • Bodies of ice travel slowly across land

7. A landslide is a rapid movement of rocks and soil down a slope. Which would best describes how a landslide might change the surface of the Earth? • increasing the flow of water over hills • creating lakes at the bottoms of hills • carving out valleys between hills • removing Earth material from hills

8. Which is the best description of how soil forms? • Rocks weather into tiny bits over time and mix with humus to form soil. • Plant nutrients turn minerals into soil. • Fossil fuels combine to make soil. • Oil seeps to the surface and turns into soil.

9. How do you think this was formed? • Sand blew against the rock to change its shape. • Fire burned through the rock and made a hole. • Animals dug a large hole through the rock. • A plant’s roots grew into the rock and broke it.

10. What can be done to a rock to turn it to the beginning stages of soil? • Place it on the table • Put in in the closet • Hit it with a hammer • Flip it upside down

11. In addition to rock, what are the main components of soil? • bacteria and microbes • mushroom and other fungi • worms and insects • plant and animal remains

12. Landslides and avalanches are similar in that they- • carve out valleys and river beds • quickly move large amounts of material • are the result of heat from within the Earth • build rock layers to create mountains

13. What can cause earthquakes? • Waves travel across the seas and break on land. • Tectonic plates push and slip past each other. • Strong winds can push apart pieces of land. • Heavy rains make rivers overflow their banks.

14. Both magma and lava are molten rocks. How are they different? • Magma is underground and lava is on the surface. • Magma can cool to form hills but lava cannot form hills. • Lava is very cold and hard and magma is very hot. • Lava flows to the mangle and magma flows to the crust.

15. Which of the following forces would most likely cause the surface of the Earth to change the quickest? • Formation of soil from the weathering of rocks • An earthquake that cause a mountain to topple or crumble • The widening of a river bank from water erosion • Deposition of sediments that build up a delta

16. What are the 4 components of soil? • clay, loam, silt, sand • rocks, sediment, ingenious, and metamorphic • air, water, humus, and bits of rock

17. Lava from a volcanic eruption can • create a tornado • carve valleys slowly • make oceans freeze • form new land

18. Which sentence about volcanoes is true? • Volcanoes do not erupt or form new islands. • Volcanoes can spit out ash, molten rock, and gas. • Volcanoes are all active and can erupt at any time. • Volcanoes does not give good soil for farming.

19. Which part of soil has bits of dead plants and animals? • bedrock • clay • humus • roots

20. What most likely caused a change to the Earth’s surface in the picture below? • wind • volcano • earthquake • glacier

21. The continuous breaking down of rock will lead to the formation of what • water • soil • minerals • coal