Usability and beyond …

1. Usability and beyond … Week 10 Designing for Usability

2. can the user accomplish their goal? • is it useful? • is it useable? what is usability?

3. Understand and specify the context of use • Specifies the user requirements • Produces design solutions • Is iterative • Evaluates Bevan 2009 human-centred design process Week 10 Designing for Usability

4. ISO: Ergonomics of human-system interaction-Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems • Usability: “the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.” from ISO 9241-11 • User experience: "a person's perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service". Includes all aspects of usability and desirability from ISO 9241-210 It's about the qualityof user experience, not about the technology itself but the user experience is better when the usability is better usability < user-experience Information Designer Week 10 Designing for Usability

5. Standards impose • consistency, compatibility, quality interoperability and safety • overcome technical barriers • provide definitive, authoritative widely agreed statements of good practice • help organizations meet their legal requirements under disability and health & safety legislation • can provide well-defined evaluation or testing methods • some relevant examples • ISO • W3C about Standards Week 10 Designing for Usability

6. General human-system interaction Usability (earlier definition) • ease of use: efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction in UX (expanded definition) • ease of use + usefulness, desirability, credibility and accessibility Specific web-usability Nielsen, Shneiderman • efficiency, learnability, memorability, error reduction, satisfaction definitions of usability Week 10 DesigningforUsability

7. When a product or system • requires less mental effort to use • the frequency of mistakes using it is less or when the mistakes are less disastrous • is more powerful, does more or is faster • is more learnable Travis 2011 indications of a high level of usability Week 10 Designing for Usability

8. User tests • eye tracking or heat tracking • heuristics • rating scales • thinking aloud • participative design • card sorting • focus groups • questionnaires • toolkits usability tools Week 10 Designing for Usability

9. a usability model Van Welie’slayered model of usability 1999 Week 10 Designing for Usability

10. http://www.neospot.se/usability-vs-user-experience/ a UX model Week 10 Designing for Usability

11. different approaches incorporating usability • User-centred Design is designing tools and products from the perspective of how it will be understood and used by a user, to improve usability • UXemphasizes "experience" and allows for a balance between user needs and business goals. Usability can test UX • Universal Usability and Accessibility: universally usable and accessible by everyone, regardless of age, ability, disability, identity • Universal Design :designing tools or products which are usable by people with the widest possible range of abilities, operating within the widest possible range of situations, beyond digital technology l Week 10 Designing for Usability

12. aesthetics vs. functionality debate Week 10 Designing for Usability

13. aesthetics vs. functionality • Balancing two interrelated but sometimes conflicting elements • aesthetics • presentation • experience"Aesthetic designs are perceived as easier to use than less-aesthetic designs” • Lidwell 2003 • functionality • usability • informational • “it makes little sense wasting time on itspackaging“ • Nielsen 1993 Week 10 Designing for Usability

14. Broad or wholistic approaches that incorporate usability • UX's "delightful and meaningful experience" • Shedroff’ssensorial design • Pettersson’suniversal design: aesthetic, economic, & ergonomic • legible • readable • meaningful • unity • Lidwell’shierarchy of needs • low-level needs before higher level needs integrated approach Week 10 Designing for Usability

15. functionality reliability usability proficiency creativity Lidwell’s hierarchy of needs Week 10 Designing for Usability

16. some examples: reliability, efficient • ease of use (usability literally) • speed, • flexibility • no tech support or user guides • simplicity make as simpleand intuitive to use as possible Week 10 Designing for Usability

17. memorability • if you stop using a product or system for a long period of time, can you remember how to use it once you go back to it? • credibility and error reduction • how often do users make errors while using the system or product, • how do users recover from these errors? • learnability • familiarity • consistency of design • visibility • predictability usefulness or effectiveness Week 10 Designing for Usability

18. effectiveness and efficiency Week 10 Designing for Usability

19. satisfaction • is it useful? • is it productive? • does it fulfill its purpose? • do you enjoy using the product/system? Week 10 Designing for Usability

20. is the product/system potentially inappropriate? • London 2012 Olympics logo • designed Wolff Olins • unveiled 4 June 2007 • cost £400,000 UX or user-friendly “There’s an old saying in the ad game: try not to give people seizures” Daily Show: London Logo Thursday June 7, 2007 Week 10 Designing for Usability

21. clip from the original logo video Week 10 Designing for Usability

22. But is it still useful and usable? • experience design • interaction design • form meets function - desirable design • information design • don't confuse a site's organization, its information design, with the representation of its organization or its visual design. How a site looks is important, but the representation is ultimately not as important as its organization (Shedroff 1994) some examples Week 10 Designing for Usability

23. accessibility is concerned primarily with making the content and functionality of web sites accessible—within reach—to all users • universal usability goes one step further, striving to make the content and functionality accessible and usable by all accessibility Week 10 Designing for Usability

24. universal usability • Designing information & communication products and • services ”usable by all” regardless of identity and ability • different identities (age, culture, demographics, sexuality, gender etc) • visually, physically, hearing and cognitive impaired • relationship to accessibility • three challenges: • technology variety • user diversity • gaps in user knowledge Week 10 Designing for Usability

25. universal design... is a design strategy that helps to reach the goal of ... Universal Access • heuristics evaluation or “rule of thumb” • Nielson’s 10 heuristics, Shneiderman’s 8 golden rules • used mostly by web developer/designers • cost effective method • biased by the preconceptions of the evaluators Heuristics are useful but nothing is as informative as an actual empirical study with real users • user testing / inquiry methods • interviews, focus groups • surveys • task analysis • . usability evaluation methods Week 10 Designing for Usability

26. poor project management • cost • time • not consulting with users • users decide when a product is easy to use • not understanding users • people use products to be productive • not an iterative process • Need drafts and road testing common barriers to designing for usability Week 10 Designing for Usability

27. choose the right paper • use high resolution images • take it to the printer 2-3 days before due • take to the printer • InDesign file • copy of each image used • your draft mock-up • your .pdf file • home printing • won't print to the bleed printing tips Week 10 Designing for Usability

28. 10 Usability Heuristics accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWc0Fd2AS3s&feature=related Australian Human Rights Commission, accessed 2 May 2011 at http://www.hreoc.gov.au/site/accessibility/index.html Bevan, N. 2009, International Standards for Usability Should Be More Widely Used, Journal of Usability Studies, vol. 4, No, 3, pp. 106-113 Centre for Universal Design, available at http://www.ncsu.edu/project/design-projects/udi/ Jacob Nielsen’s Useit.com, accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.useit.com/ Lidwell W., Holden K. & Butler J. 2003, Universal Principles of Design, Gloucester, Ma. : Rockport, 2003. O’Connor, P. 2005, Conflicting Viewpoints on Web Design, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, available at UTS lIbrary Catalogue eReadings Stewart, T. Usability or User Experience - What's the difference? accessed 4 May 2013 at http://www.system-concepts.com/articles/usability-articles/2008/usability-or-user-experience-whats-the-difference.html Travis, D. 2011, ISO 13407 is dead. Long live ISO 9241-210! accessed 5 Nay 2013 at http://www.userfocus.co.uk/articles/iso-13407-is-dead.html Usability First, accessed 3 May 2012 at http://www.usabilityfirst.com/ Van Welie, M.1999, Breaking down usability, available at www.welie.com/papers/Interact99.pdf references Week 10 DesigningforUsability