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MISSOURI’S MOST least wanted Wetland species

Learn about the most unwanted wetland species in Missouri and the methods to control them. Discover the potential threats they pose to native species and the environment. Contact Bruce Henry, Natural History Biologist at the Missouri Department of Conservation, to report any sightings in the Southeast region.

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MISSOURI’S MOST least wanted Wetland species

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  1. MISSOURI’S MOST least wanted Wetland species Bruce Henry Natural History Biologist Southeast Region Missouri Department of Conservation bruce.henry@mdc.mo.gov 573.290.5858 ext 4423

  2. All photo credits to bugwood.org unless noted • Distribution maps: EDDMapS. 2016. Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System. The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Available online at http://www.eddmaps.org/; last accessed January 22, 2016

  3. "On a global basis...the two great destroyers of biodiversity are, first habitat destruction and, second, invasion by exotic species” - E.O. Wilson

  4. Why Worry About Invasives? Number 1: Exotic Species Reduce the Variety in our Natural World Number 2: Exotic Species Alter Natural Processes Number 3: Exotic Species are a risk to the health of human beings and organisms we utilize to survive Number 4: Exotics Cause Extinction Number 5: Exotics Cause Economic Harm

  5. natural communities At risk • Fen Complex (Ozark, Prairie, Muck, Marl, Forested, Glacial) • Marsh • Shrub Swamp • Swamp • Sinkhole Pond /Pond Marsh / Pond Shrub Swamp • Springs and Spring Branch • Acid Seep • Stream Edge

  6. Native species At risk

  7. Wetland invasive Species id Life history control

  8. Japanese Knotweed Polygonumcuspidatum Reynoutria japonica • Perennial, herbaceous shrub • Resembles bamboo • Reproduces vegetatively • Difficult to eradicate • August reconnissance Leslie J Merhoff, uconn, bugwood.org

  9. Japanese Knotweed Chris evans, rtrcwma, bugwood.org

  10. Japanese Knotweed control options Japanese Knotweed • Stem Injection (5cc glyphosate) • Foliar: (imazapyr, aminopyralid, triclopyr) • Cut stem: (25% tryclopyr/garlon, !!) • Mowing: not recommended! • Hand pulling: not recommended • Fire: no data • Solarization: (?) • Biocontrol: sap-sucking plant louse, Aphalara itadori(GB) Jkinjector.com

  11. Purple Loosestrife Lythrumsalicaria • Perennial, Herbaceous forb • Garden trade • Resembles blue vervain • 2,500,000 seeds per plant • Relatively easy to kill Maine.gov

  12. Purple loosestrife Leslie J Mehrhoff, uconn, bugwood.org

  13. Purple loosestrife control options • Hand pulling: best option for small populations • Foliar application: (aquatic glyphosate) • Fire: when phenologically appropriate (not feasable) • Solarization: an option in small areas • Mowing/cutting: not recommended • Biocontrol: loosestrife beetles (four species approved) Minnesota dnrphotos

  14. phragmitesphragmitesaustralis • Perennial • Warm-season grass • Most widely distributed plant • Can tolerate brackish water • Can be difficult to eradicate • Low seed production

  15. Phragmites

  16. Phragmites control options • Foliar application: (aquatic glyphosate, imazapyr) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch • Mowing/cutting: use in IPM • Hand pulling: not recommended • Disking: not recommended • Biocontrol: research in progress (NY DOT) Western Maryland RCD http://www.spsonline.com/sps/services/phragmites-control-0

  17. JAPANESE STILTGRASS MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM • Annual • Warm-season grass • Shade tolerant • Water, trail, and hoof • Forest product industry, recreation • Easy to kill, difficult to eradicate

  18. JAPANESE STILTGRASS Chris evans, rtrcwma, bugwood.org

  19. Stiltgrass control options • Foliar application: (clethodim, sethoxydim, glyphosate) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch, prevent seed Backpack torches • Mowing/cutting: use in IPM • Hand pulling: small populations • Disking: not feasable • Biocontrol: Bipolaris spp. fungi? Illinois dnr photo

  20. Reed Canary Grass Phalarisarundinacea • Perennial • Cool-season grass • Rhizomatous • Forage grass • Shade intolerant • Scourge of northern wetlands

  21. Reed Canary Grass http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/photos/Communities/Bluejoint%20-%20Reed%20Canary%20Grass%20Marsh/IMG_0238.jpg

  22. Reed canary Grass control options • Foliar application: (clethodim, sethoxydim, glyphosate) • Fire: use in IPM regime to remove thatch, prevent seed • Mowing/disking: use in IPM, best in fall/before flowering • Cutstem: (20% glyphosate) small populations • Hand pulling: very small populations • Biocontrol: unlikely Pleasant Valley CONservancy photo

  23. Planning a control program • Map known populations • Determine source (planted or dispersed?) • Identify potential source populations and monitor • Qualify the habitat: high quality community at risk, ROW, trails, or waste ground?

  24. Developing a control strategy • Prevent further spread • Choose appropriate control methods. • Be prepared to continue treatment for years • Follow product label if using herbicides • Prioritize populations • KILL. Begin with satellite populations • Attack core populations • Monitor and reassess, CONTINUE KILLING

  25. Thanks for your attention! Any questions? Call bruce in cape Girardeau at 573.290.5858 x 4423 to report sightings in SOUTHEAST region

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