FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW Unit 3: Population and Immigration

2. 29. What do we know about population distribution in Canada? What is the term we use to describe this?

3. 29. What do we know about population distribution in Canada? What is the term we use to describe this? • Population distribution, where people have chosen to live, is unique in Canada, and is called the archipelagoeffect. We have pockets of settlement, likeislands, separated by forests, rock, prairie, tundra and mountains. The islands of population are mostlyfoundwithin 200 km of the USA border or the oceans.

4. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density?

5. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density? • Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2

6. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density? • Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2 • 31.  How are site factors and situation factors the same? How are they different?

7. 30. How is population density measured? What is Canada’s population density? • Population density is measured in the number of people per km2. We have about 3.1 people per km2 • 31.  How are site factors and situation factors the same? How are they different? • Site and situation factors are bothreasonswhy people choose to live in a certain place. Site factorsrefer to the physicallandscape (soil, trees, fish, rivers…) and situation factorsrefer to the relationshipwithother places (towns/citiesnearby).

8. 32.  Name the settlement patterns for the following people/places:

9. 32.  Name the settlement patterns for the following people/places:First Nations- on good soil, near rivers for transportation, along trade routes between villagesAtlantic Canada-European settlers were attracted to the same areas as First Nations, for the same reasons, and so they took over the best lands.Québec-(New France) Seigneurial System= long, narrow lots along rivers Ontario-Township System= grid pattern, square blocks of land, 100 acres each.Prairies-grid pattern, square blocks of land called sections, 640 acres each. West-where resources were found, coastal forests and fertile plainsNorth- where gold discoveries were made during the Klondike gold rush.

10. 33. How did the industrial revolution change the way of life in Canada? How did it change the settlement or population distribution? What is the special term for this?

11. 33. How did the industrial revolution change the way of life in Canada? How did it change the settlement or population distribution? What is the special term for this? • The IndustrialRevolutioncaused Canada to change from an agricultural country withprimary industries, likeforestry, fishing, and mining, to an industrial country withmarkettowns and cities. It caused the people to leave the country and move to the cities, which is calledrural to urban drift, or urbanization. • Nowit has become a challenge for rural areas to maintain services.

12. 34. What are megacities and name some problems they have?

13. 34. What are megacities and name some problems they have? • Megacities are massive urban areas that are so large that city life becomesdifficult to sustain. ex. Shanghai, Mexico City… • Poverty • Poor water and air quality • Traffic congestion • Inadequate services, such as garbageremoval, water, sewage and electricity • Deterioratingroads, bridges, housing, …

14. 35. How are push factors and pull factors the same? How are they different? Give 2 examples of each.

15. 35. How are push factors and pull factors the same? How are they different? Give 2 examples of each. • Push and pull factors are bothreasonswhy people choose to relocate. • Push factors cause them to want to leavetheir country, pull factors are whatdrawsthem to another country. • Push factors- lack of political/religiousfreedom, war, famine, poverty, climate change, naturaldisasters, unemployment.. • Pull factors- greatereconomicopportunity, availability of land, reunion of families, betterclimate/resources, democraticpolitical system….

16. 36.Was Canada always open-minded about multiculturalism? Give 4 examples of racist immigration policies in our past.

17. 36.Was Canada always open-minded about multiculturalism? Give 4 examples of racist immigration policies in our past. • Canada wasverydiscriminatingbefore 1945, and usedvariousracist immigration policies to keep people fromotherethnic groups fromcoming to Canada. Examples: • African-American farmerstoldtheywere not suited to ourclimate. • Chineseheadtaximposed, thenChinese Immigration Act of 1923 forbade entry. • Jewishrefugeesfleeing Nazi Germany denied entry in the 1930’s. • Prison camps for ethnicminorities in WW2

18. 37.Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945?

19. 37.Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945? • 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaustwerefullyunderstood. Canada hadplayed a part in thisracistgenocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnicminorities and people in need.

20. 37.Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945? • 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaustwerefullyunderstood. Canada hadplayed a part in thisracistgenocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnicminorities and people in need. • 38.Name 3 ways (classes) people can apply to immigrate to Canada.

21. 37.Why did Canada change its mentality about immigration after 1945? • 1945 marked the end of WW2 and the atrocities of the Holocaustwerefullyunderstood. Canada hadplayed a part in thisracistgenocide by sharing in some of the same attitudes, and began to open the doors of immigration to ethnicminorities and people in need. • 38.Name 3 ways (classes) people can apply to immigrate to Canada. • Family class- has relatives • Refugee class- needs protection • Independant class- canofferskills and $$

22. 39.What is a refugee? Give 3 examples that would qualify someone to claim refugee status.

23. 39.What is a refugee? Give 3 examples that would qualify someone to claim refugee status. • People who are displacedfromtheir home or country and must seek refuge elsewhere are calledrefugees. • Persecuted or threatened by the government (for politicalviews, religion, ethnic group, teacher or reporter), womanphysicallyabused by husband (no laws to protect), child of former political leader now in prison, witness to a massacre nowsearched for by government…

24. 40.Approximately how many people immigrate to Canada each year? Why do we NEED immigrants to come to Canada?

25. 40.Approximately how many people immigrate to Canada each year? Why do we NEED immigrants to come to Canada? • With about 250,000 people immigrating to Canada eachyear, Canada cansustainits population and not loseit standard of living. Without immigrants, ourbirth rate is toolow to sustainour population, and our standard of living woulddecline.

26. 41.What is a myth people commonly believe about immigration? Why is this a MYTH and not a true reason to worry?

27. 41.What is a myth people commonly believe about immigration? Why is this a MYTH and not a true reason to worry? • Theytakeour jobs- theytake the lowpaying jobs wedon’twant • Theyincrease the crime rate- actually are not the majority of people in prison • Theycost the government $$- actuallycontribute more in taxes and drawless in unemploymentbenefits • They do not assimilateintoour culture- our culture IS multicultural and they are patriotic and proud to be Canadian!!

28. 42. Why is emigration (people leaving) a problem in Canada?

29. 42. Why is emigration (people leaving) a problem in Canada? • Eachyear about 50,000 people emigrate (leave) from Canada, mostly to the USA. They tend to beourmosteducated and talented, skilledworkers. We are afraid of sufferingfrom a ‘brain drain’.