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1. Gl Ekolojisi Meryem Beklioglu
Limnoloji Laboratuvari, ODT, Biyoloji Blm
www.limnology.metu.edu.tr
meryem@metu.edu.tr
2. Gller Havzanin en ukur yeridir.
Havzanin aynasi gibidir
Su bekleme sresi (gn-on yillar)
Su bekleme sresi: gl byklg, girdi ve iktilarin hidrolojik ykne baglidir
3. 1. Buzul Glleri
2. Tektonik gller
3. Heyalan Glleri
4. Nehir etkinligiyle olusan gller
5. Volkanik gller
6. Karstik gller
7. Insan yapisi gller (Reservorlar)
*Gller Blgesi?
4. 1.Buzulasma sonucu olusan Gller Kuzey yarim kredeki gllerin ogu
Toroslar, Uludag, Kakarlardaki gller
Sig/derin gller olusabilir
5. Buzul hareketi sonucu Ontario, CA olusan Kettle glleri (siyah blgeler)
6. 2. Tektonik Gller Dnyanin en eski ve en derin glleri bu yolla olusmustur
Afrika Rift vadisi (Tanganika G.: 1470 m )
Baykal G., Sibirya
Beysehir, Egirdir, Hazar Glleri
7. 3. Heyelan Glleri Heyelan sonucu daglardaki vadilerin nnn kapanmasi sonucu olusur
Abant Gl, Yedigller, Karagl
8. 4. Menderes Glleri Allyon tasiyan byk akrsularin menderslerinin oldugu yerde olusur
Kizilirmak, Gediz N. Menderslerinde rnekleri vardir
9. 5. Krater Glleri Patlamis volkanin konisinde olusur, rg:Nemrut Krateri
Patlamis volkandan pskren lavlar vadiyi tikiyarak olusturu, rg: Van Gl
10. 6. Karstik Gller: Obruklar
11. 7.Insanin olusturdugu gller: Barajlar
12. uzunlugu (l): 218m
Eni (bx):187m
Kenar uzunlugu
Alan (A): 25,238m2
Kiyi olusumu (DL)
13. Gl Ekolojisinde Hidrolojik
Fiziksel: isik, sicaklik,
Kimyasal
Biyolojik
16. Su Seviyesi Degisimi (SSD) Dogal veya Insan kaynakli Faktrler SSD belirlerler
Iklim (Yresel ve Kresel iklim olaylari)
Havza Karakteri
Morfometri
Su Kullanimi: antroponojenik
19. Gl Ekolojisinde Hidroloji
Fiziksel: isik, sicaklik,
Kimyasal
Biyolojik
20. Gllerde Isik Profili At the top of this picture you see a typical graph.
At the bottom of the picture, you are looking at a lake in cross-section. Limnologists tend to graph data differently, so first of all, we need to make sure everyone is familiar with the seemingly strange way limnologists plot lake data that varies with depth.
The independent variable, in this case, depth, is plotted vertically, starting with 0 meters at the top of the graph and increasing downward (the opposite of the usual graphing method). It makes sense when you want to visualize how things change as we dive down from the surface.
The dependent variables (i.e., the physical, chemical, and biological variables that vary with depth) are plotted horizontally.
In this case, the reduction of light with depth is plotted in typical limnological fashion, superimposed over the lake cross-section to help you visualize the data.
At the top of this picture you see a typical graph.
At the bottom of the picture, you are looking at a lake in cross-section. Limnologists tend to graph data differently, so first of all, we need to make sure everyone is familiar with the seemingly strange way limnologists plot lake data that varies with depth.
The independent variable, in this case, depth, is plotted vertically, starting with 0 meters at the top of the graph and increasing downward (the opposite of the usual graphing method). It makes sense when you want to visualize how things change as we dive down from the surface.
The dependent variables (i.e., the physical, chemical, and biological variables that vary with depth) are plotted horizontally.
In this case, the reduction of light with depth is plotted in typical limnological fashion, superimposed over the lake cross-section to help you visualize the data.
21. A strong thermocline (shaded rectangle) is now in place. A strong thermocline (shaded rectangle) is now in place.
23. Gl Ekolojisinde Hidroloji
Fiziksel: isik, sicaklik,
Kimyasal. Oksijen, Azot, fosfor, silikat
Biyolojik
24. Iki nemli O2 Kaynagi Sources of DO:
Turbulent mixing of the atmospheric O2 into surface water via wind energy.
2. Photosynthesis from algae and higher plants
Photosynthesis requires light, so it only occurs to the depth that light intensity is about 0.5-1.0% of surface values.
3. Minor sources from river inflows and groundwater.
Sources of DO:
Turbulent mixing of the atmospheric O2 into surface water via wind energy.
2. Photosynthesis from algae and higher plants
Photosynthesis requires light, so it only occurs to the depth that light intensity is about 0.5-1.0% of surface values.
3. Minor sources from river inflows and groundwater.
25. Su Kimyasi: Oksijen - Oxygen Dikey oksijen yogunlugu verinli/besin tuzunca zengin gllerde asagiya dogru azalir
26. Gl Su Kimyasi: Besin Tuzu Fosfor
Azot
Silika
Demir
karbon
28. Birincil retimi Sinirlayici Besin Tuzlari Fosfor
Vazgeilmezdir
znms hali toprakda tutulur
Anahtar besin tuzu dur
trofikasyon kontrolnde nemlidir Azot
Vazgeilmezdir
znms hali (Nitrat ve amonyun) en nemli kaynaktir
Anahtar besin tuzu dur
Sudan bakteriler yardimi ile uzaklastirilir Nitrogen may limit algal growth in unproductive lakes, estuaries, and open oceans.
Nitrogen CAN contribute to eutrophication in concert with phosphorus enrichment.Nitrogen may limit algal growth in unproductive lakes, estuaries, and open oceans.
Nitrogen CAN contribute to eutrophication in concert with phosphorus enrichment.
29. Sucul retimde Besin Tuzlarinin miktari sinirlayicidir
30. Sonu Sudaki besin tuzu miktari ok farkli etmenlere baglidir
Gl Havzasi
Fiziksel faktrler
Gemis faktrler
(paleolimnoloji)
Antropogenik faktrler
trofikasyon
Tarim ve hayvancilik
Evsel atiksu
Iklim degisimi: isinma
kuraklik
31. Gl Ekolojisinde Hidroloji
Fiziksel: isik, sicaklik,
Kimyasal. Oksijen, Azot, fosfor, silikat
Biyolojik
32. Biyota Katmanlari: Isik miktari belirler Bitki katmani (littoral) isiklanma bitkilerin bymesine uygundur
Aik su (limnetik) sadece st kisinlarinda isik msaittir-planktonlar vardir
Alt katman (profundal): isigin ulasmadigi karanlik blge
33. Tipik: Su bitkileir (Makrofitler) Suii
35. Tipik Fitoplakton
36. Tipik Zooplankton
37. Tipik Dip (Bentik) Canlilar: sinek larvasi
38. Tipik Baliklar
40. Gllerde Besin Agi
41. Gl Besi Aginin Genel Grnm
42. Sucul ekosistemlerde Birincil retim
Asagidan Yukariya Kontrol
Fiziksel ve kimyasal kosullar ekosistem yapisini belirler
Fiziksel ve kimyasal faktrler belirler
Yukaridan asagiya kontrol
Besin agindaki avci tketiciler belirler
Avci balik
.
47. Arazide rnek Toplama: Yaz
48. Kis
50. How? Fossiller
Pigmentler
in/organik kimyasallar
Kararli/radyo izotopler
52. Biological proxies Pollens and spores
Regional vegetation history
Local vegetation history
Climate change
Changes in lake water quality
Changes in aquatic macrophytes
Diatoms
Acidity
Nutrients
Salinity
53. Biological proxies Contd Photosynthetic pigments
Past changes in algal and bacterial populations (blue-green algae and eutrophication)
Chironomids
Trophic status of lakes
Acidification
Climate change
54. Biological proxies Contd Cladocerans
Eutrophication
Acidification
salinity
Ostracods
Salinity
Mg/Sr and Mg/Ca
Water level
Temperature (18O/16O)