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Revolutions in Russia

Revolutions in Russia. Ch. 14.1. How did the Policies of the Czars help to ignite the full-scale revolution?. Autocratic policies – DictoatorialCzars (Alexander I, Nicolas I & Alexander II) resist change Harsh measures – Cracked down on anyone who resisted the Czarist govn’t

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Revolutions in Russia

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  1. Revolutions in Russia Ch. 14.1

  2. How did the Policies of the Czars help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Autocratic policies – DictoatorialCzars (Alexander I, Nicolas I & Alexander II) resist change • Harsh measures – Cracked down on anyone who resisted the Czarist govn’t • Against (esp. non-Russians e.g. Jews) • Resistance to change inflamed the masses

  3. How did policies relating to industrialization& economic growth help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Grueling working conditions • Miserably low wages • Child labor • Workers’ low standard of living • Lack of political power • Enormous gap between rich & poor • = civil unrest & strife

  4. How did policies relating to industrialization& economic growth help to ignite the full-scale revolution? Rapid Industrialization • Number of factories doubles between 1863 and 1900; Russia still lags behind the rest of Western Europe: - *ALWAYS HAS BEEN A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR RUSSIA • In late 1800s, new plan boosts steel production; major railway begins - Foreign investors & raised taxes - Trans-Siberian Railway (1891 – 1916)

  5. How did the policies relating to the Russo-Japanese War help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Russia’s losses sparked unrest at home • Revealed the Czar’s weakness as a ruler • Led to revolt in the middle of the war

  6. How did the policies relating to “Bloody Sunday” help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Provoked a wave of strikes & violence across the country • Forced Czar Nicholas II to promise more freedom • Create the Duma, Russia’s first parliament.

  7. How did the policies relating to WWI help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Revealed weaknesses of czarist rule & military leadership • Destroyed morale of Russian soldiers who cause a mutiny, deserted and ignored orders • Price were sky-high

  8. (Put in Notes) World War I: The Final Blow • Heavy losses in World War I reveal government’s weakness & people were starving back at home • Nicholas goes to war front; Czarina Alexandra runs government • Czarina falls under the influence of Rasputin—mysterious “holy man” • Nobles fear Rasputin’s influence, murder him • Army losing effectiveness; people at home hungry and unhappy

  9. Rasputin World War I: The Final Blow • Czarina falls under the influence of Rasputin— mysterious “holy man” • Promises to help the Czarina’s youngest child who was a hemophiliac • Nobles fear Rasputin’s influence, murder him

  10. How did the policies of The March Revolution (1917) help to ignite the full-scale revolution? • Forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate his throne – A year later the royal family were executed • Allowed Duma to set up a provisional government

  11. The Bolsheviks gain and hold political controlNovember 1917 Revolution • Toppled provisional government • Gave power to the Bolsheviks

  12. The Bolsheviks gain and hold political controlCivil war between the Red (Bolshevik) and White (Menshevik) armies • Caused millions of deaths from fighting & famine • Showed that Bolsheviks were able 1) seize power 2) maintain power 15 million Russians died * They Crushed opposition to Bolshevik rule – they won!

  13. The Bolsheviks gain and hold political controlOrganization of Russia into republics • Centralized (in Moscow) power and unified country called the “Soviet Union – USSR; the Union of Soviet states” • The Bolsheviks rename themselves The Communist Party Left to right: Trotsky, Lenin, and Kamenev

  14. Karl Marx • Marx’s ideas formed the basis of the revolutionary government • Economist • Disturbed by conditions caused by Industrial Rev • Author of Das Capital and The Communist Manifesto • Marx believed that society is divided into two groups-the haves, and the have- nots. • The have-nots perform backbreaking labor but receive low wages while enduring poor working conditions. • Marx believed that the Industrial Revolution had made the factory owners the haves and he called them bourgeoisie. • The have-nots were the factory workers whom he called proletariat. • He believed that the factory owner bourgeoisie exploited the proletariat workers

  15. V. I. Lenin • Led the Bolshevik revolution • “Peace, Land & Bread” Lenin’s slogan • Restored peace and order • 1st Communist leader of the Soviet Union • Leader of the Bolshevik party who were Marxists or Communists

  16. Leon Trotsky • Helped negotiate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Commanded the Red Army during civil war

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