1 / 39

Lecture 1

Welcome to ECE 291! Spring 2002. Lecture 1 . Tuesday, January 15, 2002. People at a Glance: . Cource director : Prof. C. Polychronopoulos Instructor : Prof. Dimitri Nikolopoulos TAs: Michael Urman Justin Quek Ajay Ladsaria Ryan Chmiel You: The ECE 291 students!.

damia
Télécharger la présentation

Lecture 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Welcome to ECE 291! Spring 2002 Lecture 1 Tuesday, January 15, 2002

  2. People at a Glance: • Cource director: Prof. C. Polychronopoulos • Instructor: Prof. Dimitri Nikolopoulos • TAs: • Michael Urman • Justin Quek • Ajay Ladsaria • Ryan Chmiel • You: The ECE 291 students!

  3. What will ECE 291 teach you? • You will learn how to harness the power of microprocessors • You will learn how the “brains”, “memory” and “sensors” of a computer work together to perform powerful tasks • You will learn how to “speak” (write) the language of hardware to get them to perform complex tasks

  4. Lecture Outline • How to navigate for success in ECE 291! • Course Syllabus • Highlights in the history of computers • Number systems review • Hints for MP0

  5. Course Director • Prof. Constantine Polychronopoulos • Office: 463-CSL • Tel.: 244-4144 • e-mail: cdp@csrd.uiuc.edu

  6. Instructor • Dr. Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos • Visiting Research Assistant Professor • Office: 443-CSL • Tel. 244-5225 • E-mail: dsn@csrd.uiuc.edu (I do read my e-mail…) • Office hours: Tu&Th 1-3pm, and/or by appointment

  7. Teaching Assistants • Michael Urman (urman@students.uiuc.edu) • Justin Quek (quek@students.uiuc.edu) • Ajay Ladsaria (ladsaria@students.uiuc.edu) • Ryan Chmiel (rchmiel@students.uiuc.edu) TA Office hours will be posted at the LAB and online by Thursday

  8. Lectures • Lectures: 151 Everitt Lab, Tuesday&Thursday 10.30 a.m. – 11.50 a.m. Notes will be made available online Notes are not a substitute for lecture attendance!

  9. Laboratory Etiquette • Location: 238 Everitt Lab • Open 24-7 • Staffed most of the time during weekdays • Keycards for 24-7 access at 153 EL • Only for ECE291 students • You are expected to keep the place neat and clean • No food or drink • Do not move things • Do not touch screens

  10. Laboratory Etiquette • Accounts • Reset your password at http://accounts.ad.uiuc.edu • Home directories are in W: drive • It is stored in a server and shared among computers, you will be able to access it from any computer in the lab • You can access your home directory via ftp • elalpha.ece.uiuc.edu • You can use the lab printers to print ECE291 material ONLY! • There is a100 pages/month quota, • Anything beyond that is 7¢ a page

  11. Laboratory Etiquette • Do not write anything in the C: drive! • Do not install anything in the lab computers • Things like ICQ, Netscape,Real Player etc. are STRICTLY forbidden! • Always logoff when you are done • Do not lock your screens after you finish your work

  12. Resources • The ECE291 web site is your most valuable resource • my.ece.uiuc.edu • Schedule, lectures, assignments, reading material, tools, archives • Online submission and grading of homework • Your grades • Newsgroup: uiuc.classes.ece291 • For Q&A • Share ideas, please don’t share code! • Announcements: uiuc.classes.ece291.announce • Lab notes available as hardcopy for a small charge and online as PDF and HTML files

  13. The course at a glance • Computer Engineering II • The bridge between your logic design classes and your high-level programming classes • Assembly language programming • Organization of a real microprocessor • Interface to external hardware devices • A lot of work • A lot of fun • One of the best classes in UIUC

  14. Objectives of ECE291 • To become the best assembly language programmers! • Learn and manage the resources of a microprocessor • Learn the principles of machine-level programming • Organize and write large programs • Program the devices connected to a computer • Develop your engineering skills • Design flows • Time management • Work as hard as required to make your deadlines • And…have fun!

  15. Evaluation • Homework (6 sets) 100 points • Machine problems (5 sets) 325 points • Final project 175 points • Two exams in class(mid-final) 400 points Total 1000 points min. A is 0.95(avg. top 10%) if (0.95(avg. top 10%) > 900) then min.A = 900 min. B is min. A – 100 min. C is min. B – 100 etc…

  16. Evaluation • You can all get an A! • A+ rewarded to the top few of those with an A • +/- rewarded 10-20 points below the grade base • E.g. if A base is 875, 868 is A-, 859 is B+, 854 is B etc. • I hope you all get an A

  17. Machine problems • MP0 will introduce you to NASM and the tools you’ll use for the MP’s and final project • MP1 - simple programming constructs like loops and subroutines • MP2 – recursion, algorithms, math • MP3 – interrupts, text-mode graphics, serial communication • MP4 – advanced graphics, protected mode • Final project • Combines what you’ve learned in all MPs • Groups of 3-4 people • Work approx. equivalent to the work of MP4 per person • You propose and we approve projects

  18. History of Computers • 1945 John Von Neumann proposes the stored program architecture • 1948 Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley invent the transistor • 1958 Jack Kilby (UI alumni) introduces the IC (integrated circuit) and opens the road for computing on chips • 1960 Computers start to use transistors • 1965 Gordon Moore claims that the capacity of chips doubles every 18 months with associated improvements in performance

  19. History of Computers • 1971 Intel introduces its first microprocessor, the 4004, which contained 2250 transistors Courtesy of Intel’s microprocessor hall of fame

  20. History of Computers • 1974 Intel introduces the 8080, which later became the heart of the first personal computer, a $379 kit named Altair • Courtesy of Intel’s microprocessor hall of fame

  21. History of Computers • In 1965 Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors in a microprocessor will double every 18 months and this trend will hold till 1975…

  22. History of Computers • Moore’s law is good for the last 26 years!

  23. History of Computers • 1974 William H. Gates and Paul Allen write a BASIC interpreter • 1981 IBM introduces the fist PC, with a 16-bit 8088 running at 4.77 MHz, using cassettes, optional floppy and a BAD operating system called DOS • 1983 First “affordable” PCs • 1984 Introduction of the Windows interface (work pioneered at Xerox labs) • 1985 First 32-bit microprocessor (80386)

  24. History of Computers • 1989 80486, math co-processor included • 1992 Pentium (64-bit memory bus) • 1996 Pentium Pro (RISC core for the x86 ISA) • 1997 Pentium II, MMX • 1999 Pentium III, IA-64 (explicitly parallel processor)

  25. Current trends • Parallelism in microprocessors • Multithreaded execution • SIMD parallelism • Explicit instruction-level parallelism • Low-power portable computing • Reducing the energy consumed by microprocessors • Computing in laptops, handheld devices, watches (check out IBM’s Linux watch!), sensors • Internetworking and ubiquity • Services available over wired or wireless networks

  26. Number Systems Review • You should be familiar with Boolean algebra, basic arithmetic operations on binary numbers and the following material from your earlier logic classes • The numbers we’re using are in base10 representation dn (0…9) dndn-1…d0 = dn10n+ dn-110n-1 +…+ do100 Example: 982310 = 9*103+8*102+2*101+3*100

  27. Number Systems Review • Computers use binary numbers dn (0,1) dndn-1…d0 = dn2n+ dn-12n-1 +…+ do20 Example: 1101012 = 1*25+1*24+0*23+1*22 +0*21 +1*20 = 32+16+0+4+0+1=53

  28. Number Systems Review •  We use hexadecimal (hex) representation of binary numbers for convenience • Easy conversion, each hex digit is 4 bits • More compact representation Example: 9E716= 1001 1110 01112 = 9*162+14*161+ 7*160 = 2535

  29. Base Conversion • Division/remainder method • Assume we convert n to base b • We divide n with the largest power of b which is less than n, to obtain the first digit • If r is the remainder we repeat with the largest power of b which is less than r, to obtain the second digit and so on… • Class Example : Convert 19310 to binary

  30. Number Representation • The size of a number in digits defines the range of numbers we can represent • Popular sizes • Bits: a binary digit • Bytes: 8 binary digits • Words: 16 binary digits (for the purposes of this class) • Double words: 32 binary digits (for the purposes of this class)

  31. Number Representation • The numbers we can represent depend on the size of the representation • With 8 bits (a byte) we can represent numbers from 0 through 25510 (1111 11112 or FF16) • With 16 bits (a word) we can represent numbers from 0 through 65535 (FFFF16) • How do we represent negative numbers ?

  32. Number Representation • Easy solution: use the first bit as the sign bit • 0 is positive (+), 1 is negative (-) • Examples: 83 = 01010011 -71 =10100111 • Is this a good idea ? • Two representations of 0 (+0,-0) • Difficult to process positive and negative numbers simultaneously • Can you think why ?

  33. Number Representation • Use two’s complement arithmetic • First bit still represents the sign • If –n is the number we want to represent • Invert the bits of +n, then add 1 • Or, scan n from right to left, copy leading 0s and the first 1, invert the rest of the bits • Example –109 10910=011011012 -109= 10010011

  34. Why two’s complement ? • Easy to handle positive and negative numbers! • Check how easy it is to compute A-B • A+(-B) • Example: 83 = 01010011 -71 =10111001 (1) 00001100

  35. Things to remember • With n bits you can represent the number from –2n to +2n-1 • -1 is a string of 1s • –2n is 1 and the rest 0s • +2n is invalid, unless you move to a larger register (i.e. a representation of a larger size)

  36. Sign extension and contraction • Whenever you move from a m-bit to a n-bit representation, n > m, just copy the sign bit to all the additional bits in the extended representation • Examples: • 7710 = 0100 11012 = 0000 0000 0100 1101 (16-bit) • -71 =1011 10012 = 1111 1111 1011 1001 (16-bit) • Contraction is the opposite to extension • You cannot sign contract a n-bit number to a m-bit number unless the high order (n-m) bits are all 0’s or 1’s

  37. Real numbers in binary • Integer conversion goes on for the fractional parts dndn-1…d0 d-1 d-2… = dn10n+ dn-110n-1 +…+ do100 + d-110-1+ d-210-2… • Example 40.63 = 4*102 + 0*101 + 0*100 + 6*10-1 +3*10-2 • Same thing for binary numbers • Example: Convert 10111.011 to decimal • 1*24 + 0*23 + 1*22 + 1*21 + 1*20 + 0*2-1 + 1*2-2 + 1*2-3 = 23.375 • For signed unsigned you just add the sign bit in the front of the number

  38. Hints for MP0 (25 easy points) • Edit, assemble, debug and execute a simple program • We provide you a template file • You will have to edit the template file • Your instructor has been using vi and he’s happy with it for the last 11 years or so • We recommend you gVim Easy (start menu option) • You will assemble and link your program using the make utility • During your career as a programmer learning how to read and write make files is an invaluable skill • You will execute your program from the command line • You will learn how to use the Turbo Debugger (TD) to track down your logical errors

  39. Final notes • Activate your keycards at 153 EL • Setup your lab accounts • accounts.ad.uiuc.edu • Get the lab manual and start reading • Visit the ECE291 web site • Start HW0 due Friday noon • Start MP0

More Related