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Unit Five

Unit Five . Russia and Northern Eurasia. 1. What percent of the world’s land area is made up of Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine? 2. What name is given to Europe and Asia when they are considered one landmass or continent?. Natural Environments.

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Unit Five

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  1. Unit Five Russia and Northern Eurasia

  2. 1. What percent of the world’s land area is made up of Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine? 2. What name is given to Europe and Asia when they are considered one landmass or continent? Natural Environments

  3. 3. What is the world’s largest country in area? 4. Within what line of latitude does northern Russia lie? 5. What mountains divide Eurasia? Ural Mountains—Divide Eurasia 6. What is the part of Russia east of the Urals known as? 7. In what mountains do we find the remaining three countries? 8. What are the names of these countries? Russia

  4. 9. Between what 2 seas do we find the Caucasus Mountains? Caucasus Mountains—Between Black and Caspian Seas 10. What is the highest mountain in this region? 11. Because of its position in a tectonic zone, what often occurs in the Caucasus Mountains? Landforms

  5. 12. In contrast the European part of this region is very low. It contains the largest swamp in Europe. What is it called? Pripet Marshes—Largest swamp in Europe 13. Ukraine’s highest point is located in which mountains? Carpathian Mountains—Cross the Ukraine’s western borders 14. THINK: What mountains separate Europe from Asia? Pripet Marshes

  6. 15. What are the names of the 3 south-flowing rivers in this region? Dnieper, Don, and Volga—Key south-flowing rivers; shipping, hydroelectric power, water for cities 16. What are the names of the 3 Siberian rivers which flow north into the Arctic Circle? Ob, Yenisey, and Lena—Major Siberian rivers; flow into Arctic Ocean Rivers

  7. 17. Which lake is the deepest lake in the world? 18. What is its nickname because of its beauty? 19. How much of the world’s freshwater does Lake Baikal hold? Lake Baikal

  8. Location in northern latitudes produces cold, harsh weather. During coldest months, rivers and canals freeze. A polluted icy fog often hangs over cities. 20. Russia lies in what 3 climate regions? 21. THINK: What is permafrost? 22. What happens in this region when the permafrost begins to melt? When permafrost melts, buildings tilt, highways buckle, and railroad tracks slip sideways. Climates

  9. 23. What is unique about the city of Verkhoyansk in Siberia? 24. Why does access to the water often require icebreakers for Russia? 25. THINK: How does this restrict Russian trade? Verkhoyansk

  10. Climate affects vegetation, north to south Tundra—Low shrubs, mosses, wildflowers Taiga—Forest, mainly evergreen Mixed forest—Mixed deciduous-coniferous forest Steppe grasslands—Major grain-producing area Vegetation

  11. Taiga 26. What is the taiga? Taiga means “swamp forest” 27. Why is farming very limited here?

  12. 28. What is the steppe? Steppe

  13. 29. What is the ‘chernozem’ which is found here? 30. What product is this area a major producer of? Chernozem?

  14. 31. What minerals are found in Siberia? 32. What are the regions 4 main energy resources? 33. What is important about the region between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains? Key oil and gas reserves in Caspian Sea area, Volga River basin, Ob River basin Natural Resources

  15. 34. Where was Russia’s first geothermal plant? 35. Look at the picture on page 385. What is one of the important products harvested from where the Volga River flows into the Caspian Sea? Mines in Russia and Ukraine—Coal, copper, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, platinum What is Geothermal?

  16. 36. The main people to settle in this region were from which ethnic group? 37. Kiev’s early leaders were Scandinavian traders called what? 38. What fort was built at the junction of 2 rivers and would later shelter Russia’s government? 39. In 1240 what invaders destroyed Kiev? Section 2: History and Culture

  17. 40. Who won control of this area from the Mongols? 41. Who became the first czar of all Russia? 42. From what word does the term czar come and what does it mean? 43. Who were the Cossacks? Conquest and Expansion

  18. 44. Who expanded the region west and built a new capital called St. Petersburg? 45. Who ruled Russia in the late 1700s and brought many non-Russian peoples into the Russian Empire? Catherine the Great expanded south, adding non-Russian peoples. 1763 - 1796 Catherine the Great

  19. 46. Who were the poor peasants during this time who were not allowed to leave the land without its owner’s permission? In the 1800s, industrialization began, and the serfs were freed. The czar abdicated in 1917, clearing the way for the Bolsheviks to overthrow the government in the Russian Revolution. 47. What war was being fought during the Russian Revolution? 48. What was the name of the small group which won the revolution? End of an Empire

  20. 49. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks? 50. Whose ideas did he use? 51. What economic system did he believe would be the solution to the division between the workers and the wealthy capitalists? 52. What name was given to the local governing bodies elected by the workers? 53. What name did this new nation take? 54. How many ethnic territories would eventually join the USSR? Bolsheviks under LENIN established communism based on the ideas of Karl Marx. The workers were to elect soviets to govern locally. Communists restructured Russian Empire as the Soviet Union, with 15 republics. Soviet leaders set up one-party state; Stalin ruled brutally. Command economy produced few quality goods The Soviet Union

  21. 55. Who took over in the USSR after Lenin’s death? 56. What type of economy did they establish? 57. What is an autarky system? Life in the Soviet Union

  22. 58. Farmers were forced to work on what kind of farms? 59. THINK: Why did this cause such low food production? 60. What portion of the country’s food supply was still produced by the small private plots allowed by the government? State-run farms were unproductive; millions of peasants died. Personal freedoms were strictly limited; people were sent to labor camps. Soviet leaders tried to stop religious worship. Some success achieved in education, health care, and employment. Soviet Union collapsed at the end of 1991 State-run Collectives

  23. 61. What was the name given to the system of labor camps where dissenters were sent? 62. The Soviet Union did push education and what percent of their nation was literate? Education and Healthcare

  24. 63. What economic system is replacing communism? 64. What type of US companies are locating there? A New Beginning

  25. 65. What language do 85 percent of Russians speak? 66. What other 2 nations are also predominantly Slavic? Main religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Culture

  26. 67. The majority of the people in Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus live in the southern part of this region. What is the region’s largest urban area? 68. What is Ukraine’s capital? 69. What is the capital of Belarus? Winter in Minsk Settlement

  27. 70. What are the four main religions of this region? Religion and Education

  28. 71. What are 2 common foods here? 72. What is Borscht? 73. How does their environment affect the types of houses in which they live? Rural residents live in wood homes in the north, sod homes on the steppe. 74. What are the dachas? Food, Traditions and Customs

  29. 75. What type of industry focuses on the production of consumer goods? 76. THINK: List 5 examples of consumer goods. 77. What type of industry involves manufacturing based on metals and is becoming less important? 78. THINK: List 5 examples of heavy industry. Section 3 – The Region Today

  30. 79. Which city is known a Venice of the North for its many canals? 80. What important resources come from the Volga River and Ural Mountain region? 81. What are the factories called which process metal ores? The Urban Regions

  31. 82. What railway was built in Siberia beginning in 1891? 83. What two cities does it connect? 84. What record does this railway hold? 85. Why do many people move to Siberia to work? Trans-Siberian Railway

  32. 86. What is Ukraine’s capital? 87. What is the name of Kiev’s winning soccer team? 88. What are three common crops in the Ukraine? The Russian Far East

  33. 89. Why is Belarus generally poor? 90. What does it still use as a fuel even though it causes pollution? 91. What is the capital of Belarus? Belarus and Minsk

  34. 92. What happened at the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant in the Ukraine? 93. How has this affected the development of this region? Issues and Challenges

  35. 94. What 5 nations which were originally part of the USSR now form this region? 95. What mountains rise in the northeast? 96. What process created most of these mountains? 97. What do we call the masses of frozen ice found in these mountains? Chapter 18 Central Asia

  36. 98. What is the world’s largest lake? 99. THINK: Why does the text call this lake and Lake Aral “landlocked”? Rivers and Lakes

  37. 100. What is unique about Lake Balkhash? There is a legend; saying that rich man Balkhash had a beautiful daughter Ili. Once Balkhash held a feast and promised to give the winner of the contest his daughter as a wife. Ili loved the shepherd Karatal. She helped Karatal to win the contest of grooms. But Balkhash didn't want to give him Ili. And the young lovers ran away. And the angry father could not catch the fugitives so he turned them into rivers and turned himself into a lake between them.The western part receives water from a river and is fresh, but the eastern part is salty. They are connected by a narrow gulf. Lake Balkhash

  38. 101. Why does the Issyk-Kul never freeze over? Lake Issyk-Kul“hot lake”

  39. 102. What does the name of the Kara-Kum Desert mean? 103. What does the name Kyzyl-Kum mean? Kara-Kum means “Black Sand” Covers about 70 percent of the area of Turkmenistan The Kyzyl Kum is the 11th largest desert in the world. Its name means Red Sand. Climates and Biomes

  40. 104. For what type of tree is this area known? 105. What endangered big cat is found here? 106. What tree is unique to Central Asia and burns like charcoal? Walnut Trees and Snow Leopards

  41. 107. What important resource comes from the area around the Caspian Sea? 108. What is the most common use of zinc? The polluted Caspian Sea! Natural Resources

  42. 109. What is the name of the route traders used to pass through Central Asia and trade silk with China? 110. What group ruled this region for 200 years? 111. What was the name of their leader who rose to power in 1370? 112. What change caused the abandonment of the Silk Road? History

  43. 113. What is a monoculture? Russian and Soviet Rule

  44. 114. What do geographers call the region in which these five countries lie? 115. What occupation was traditional in the north? Culture

  45. 116. What term is used to describe the movement of herds from higher summer pastures to winter lowland pastures? 117. What do they call the homes that move with them? Transhumance

  46. 118. What language do the majority of the people of this region speak? 119. What is the main religion? People, Languages and Religion

  47. 120. What name is given to the wool hats they wear? 121. What animals’ hair do they use to weave carpets? 122. What product do they use in many of the meat dishes? Traditions and Education Papakha

  48. 123. Uzbekistan is the world’s third-largest producer of what? 124. What conditions have hurt development in this region? Section 3: The Region TodayEconomic Challenges

  49. 125. To where did Kazakhstan move its capital in 1997? ASTANA 126. What will the new location do to support Kazakhstan? Urban Environments

  50. 127. What occurred in this region which has caused birth defects, cancer and other ailments to plague the area’s people? 128. What has made much of the farmland useless? Issues and Challenges

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