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Beef Quality Assurance Minimizing Carcass Defects

Beef Quality Assurance Minimizing Carcass Defects. Consumer Concerns About Food Attributes. “Serious Health Risk”. Contamination by bacterial germs 82% Residues (pesticides/herbicides) 66% Product Tampering 65% Food handling in Supermarkets 45% Antibiotics/Hormones 43%.

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Beef Quality Assurance Minimizing Carcass Defects

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  1. Beef Quality AssuranceMinimizing Carcass Defects

  2. Consumer Concerns About Food Attributes “Serious Health Risk” • Contamination by bacterial germs 82% • Residues (pesticides/herbicides) 66% • Product Tampering 65% • Food handling in Supermarkets 45% • Antibiotics/Hormones 43% If it’s not safe, it won’t sell! Source: F.M.I. Trends - 1997

  3. Consumers Are Paying Attention

  4. The BQA Program • “BQA is a two pronged program. It helps inform producers about the latest management techniques and makes consumers more aware of the extra efforts the beef industry is making to deliver safe, quality beef.” • Alan Janzen, Henderson, Nebraska cattle feeder, past president of Nebraska Cattlemen

  5. Designed for Cattlemen by Cattlemen • Based on • FDA, EPA and USDA guidelines. • Follows HACCP principles. • National program with individual state programs.

  6. HACCP Principles • Key of HACCP: Identify what could go wrong or needs improved, and solve it before it happens. • Review all management programs. • Identify control points. • Establish critical limits. • Establish control point monitoring requirements. • Establish corrective actions. • Establish effective record keeping procedures. • Establish procedures for verifying the system is working.

  7. Quality Control Points Example Process Control Point Potential Hazard Prevention & Calving Injection-site Treatment of blemishes health disorders Weaning Calves Antibiotic residues Receiving breeding Broken Needles or stocker cattle Control points are common management steps such as calving, purchasing feedstuffs, weaning and transporting cattle.

  8. Would You Eat What You Produce? All cattle should be raised with the intent that they will eventually be consumed as a food product.

  9. BQA Program Targets TraitTargetYield Grade < 3.5Quality Grade > Standard (A maturity) No Dark CuttersCarcass Weight > 600 lbs.; < 900 lbs.Ribeye Area > 11.0; < 15.0No bruises, no injection site lesions and follow proper withdrawal times. Cattle are never too young or too old to create a quality defect!!!

  10. Industry Challenges Beef quality audits Fed cattle, 1991, 1995, 2000 Non-fed cattle, 1994, 1999

  11. Fed Cattle Quality Challenges

  12. Value Losses from Carcass Defects – Fed Cattle $3 Billion Annually

  13. Non-Fed Cattle Quality ChallengesConsist of Non-Fed Cattle Audited

  14. Value Losses from Carcass Defects – Non-Fed Cattle $423 Million Annually

  15. So…What Can We Do to Improve?

  16. Meeting the Challenges • Injections, Drug/Vaccine Use, Feedstuffs and Records • Dark Cutters, Bruising, Culling

  17. Lesion in the center of the eye of round. This lesion runs three inches deep.

  18. Why All the Fuss About Injection-Site Lesions? Injections in high-value cuts = • Strong negative consumer experiences • Increased toughness • $3.59 per head of fed cattle

  19. Incidence of Injection-Site Lesionsin Fed Beef Top Sirloin Butts In 1999, 40.9% of cows and bulls had injection-site lesions in sirloin!

  20. Proper IntramuscularInjection-Site

  21. Injection Zone in the Neck Region • Injection Triangle • A – Ahead of point of shoulder • B – Above the vertebrae • C – Below Nuchal Ligament C A B

  22. Needle Selection and Use

  23. Needle Selection for IM Injections

  24. Needle Use • Use needles once and dispose if possible • Change needles at least every 10-15 head • NEVER use bent needles • Surgery is required for animals carrying broken needles • Use sterile needles to load syringes and do not put used needles back into the bottle • Dispose of used needles safely - a rigid, puncture-proof container with a secure lid

  25. Injections, Cont’d • Always use SQ or IV route of administration when permitted by the product’s label • Less than 10cc per IM injection site • Space injections at least 3 inches apart

  26. Meeting the Challenges Drug and Vaccine Use

  27. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures Most of the recommendations regarding proper drug handling and treatment procedures can be summarized in 5 words:

  28. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures • READ the LABEL • Keep records

  29. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures Most drug residue violations are a direct result of failure to properly use drugs according to label directions.

  30. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures Two basic classes of drugs are available to the livestock producer. • Over the Counter - OTC • Prescription - Rx

  31. Prescription drugs (Rx) Always bear the legend: “Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian”

  32. Prescription Drugs (Rx) Must be used or dispensed (prescribed) by a licensed veterinarian. and If they are dispensed, or prescribed, must have additional labeling.

  33. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures What is Extra-Label Use of Drugs ??

  34. Proper Drug Handling and Treatment Procedures “Extra-label use” is defined as the “actual or intended use of a drug in a manner that is not in accordance with the label.”

  35. Extra-Label Use of Drugs • Under provisions of the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA), the privilege of extra-label use of drugs is extended to veterinarians only when the health of an animal is threatened or when suffering and death may result from failure to treat the animal.

  36. Follow the Label • Extra label drug use should be used at a minimum and only prescribed by a veterinarian with a valid veterinarian client-patient relationship. • Questions on withdrawal are the responsibility of the prescribing veterinarian … info at www.farad.org • No extra-label use of Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones … or FDA FEED ADDITIVES • (eg.Neomycin, Gentamycin; Baytril and A180) • AS700,Aureomycin, CTC, Oxytetracycline, Deccox, etc

  37. Withdrawal Time • Is the period of time that must pass between the last treatment and the time the animal will be slaughtered or milk used for human consumption • For purposes of calculation, one day is 24 hours • Producers are liable for violative residues! READ the LABEL

  38. Drug Storage • Refrigeration when necessary • Away from excessive heat or cold • In a clean cabinet or container unlikely to become contaminated • Away from areas where it might be possible to contaminate feed • Storage of partially used bottles is discouraged READ the LABEL

  39. Antibiotic Resistance • Is a major issue facing the livestock industries in the 21st century. • Whether we maintain our ability to use them depends on our responsible use of them. • Judicious Use Principles

  40. Vaccine Handling Precautions • READ THE LABEL • Purchase fresh vaccines and store in a refrigerator • Purchase vaccines in containers holding the number of doses you usually use so you do not have partial containers left over • Partially used vaccine containers may lead to infections READ the LABEL

  41. Vaccine Handling Precautions • Never use out dated vaccines or drugs • Use transfer needles to reconstitute vaccines to avoid contamination • Modified live vaccines are destroyed by sunlight and heat - Do not mix more than you expect to use in about an hour • Do not use the same syringe for both modified live and killed products READ the LABEL

  42. Vaccine Handling Precautions • Clean the top of a vaccine bottle before inserting needles and don’t put the needle you used for injecting the animals back into the vaccine bottle • Never mix vaccines or other animal health products unless the label says it is OK READ the LABEL

  43. Meeting the Challenges Feedstuffs and Records

  44. Feedstuffs and Sources • Maintain records of any pesticide/herbicide use on pasture or crops that could cause a residue in grazing cattle. • Observe grazing restrictions (eg. 2,4-D; Crossbow, Roundup) • Adequate quality control on incoming feeds and extra caution with use of commodity feeds. • Analyze suspect feedstuffs • Evaluate use of “high-risk” feeds • Involve supplier in your BQA

  45. Feed Additives and Medications • Only FDA approved medicated feed additives can be used. • supplements, concentrates, pre-mix feeds • e.g. MGA, Rumensin, SafeGuard • Extra-label use of feed additives is illegal and strictly prohibited.

  46. Feedstuff Ban • No use of proteins derived from mammals in ruminant animals feed. • Ruminant-derived protein (BSE prevention) Prohibited: Meat and bone meal Allowed: • Blood by-products and tallow • Pure porcine or pure equine protein • Gelatin • Milk products • Inspected meat products

  47. Feedstuff Records • Complete records must be kept when formulating or feeding medicated rations e.g. Additive used, date run, ration name and number, amount produced • Records kept for minimum of 3 years from the date of transfer or sale of the cattle and have trace-back capability

  48. Cattle Records • Individual animal treatment records must be kept and adequate identification of animals must be used to prevent them from being harvested before the withdrawal period is up • Pen records can also be used if all animals in the pen are treated similarly - adequate identification must be present to prevent residues from reaching the food chain

  49. Use Processing Maps

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