PLANT UNIT Chapters 22-25

1. PLANT UNITChapters 22-25 Plant Diversity Roots Stems and Leaves Reproduction Plant Response and Adaptations

2. Identify methods of seed dispersal. Plant leaf size and sunlight amounts – effects of. Concepts of diversity in plants. Plant alternation of generation. Plant requirements Evolution of plants Objectives

3. This seed is best dispersed by — • A water • B birds • C wind • D animals

4. Seed Dispersal Seeds can be dispersed in a number of different ways. They may be carried by wind, water or animals. Some plants even shoot the seeds out explosively. Seed size is an important factor WHY do you think.... ?

5. Light at each layer... • Which of these characteristics might help a plant species survive in an area with limited sunlight? • FBright flowers • GLarge leaves • HShort stems • JThick cuticles

6. Plant Diversity Chapter 22 pg 550 • What is a plant • # of cells • type of cells • shape of cells • auto or hetero – trophs

7. Plants have ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS… ? • Plants have a two phase reproductive cycle: • Known as Alternation of Generations • gametes and spores – reproductive cells • The diploid phase is know as sporophyte 2N stage the haploid phase is known as gametophyte 1N • When two gametes cometogether – sexual repoduction has occurred. Example egg +sperm

8. Early plants required water… • Mosses and ferns

10. What they need to survive.. • What do you think ?

11. Plants over time • Mosses to ferns to cone-bearing(produced seeds) to eventually flower plants(which produced fruit)

12. what is this called ?

13. Overview of Plant Kingdom pg 555 Angiosperms 235,000 species Ferns 11,000 species Cone-bearing 760 species Mosses and liverworts 15,600 species

14. Earth's oldest living inhabitant of Gia – Earth "Methuselah" at 4,767 years, has lived more than a millennium longer than any other tree • Discovered by Dr. Edmund Schulman • White Mountains of California • Dating through tree-ring growth

15. Largest trees in Red Wood Forest of Northern California

16. 22-5 pg 569 AngiospermsLesson Goals • What are characteristics of angiosperms ? • What are monocots and dicots • What are three categories of plant life spans ?

17. Let’s talk flowers – reproductive structures • ANGIOSPERMS : Cretaceous Period – have fossils from 120 million years ago.

18. Why do you think angiosperms(means enclosed seeds) took over species numbers : advantages ? • Color • Smell • Fruit/ protection and possible dispersal • Seed protected by outside coat • Spreading of seeds why did they grow here ?

19. Chapter 24 Flowering Parts

20. Flower part Part function Petal Petals are used to attract insects into the flower, they may have guidelines on them and be scented. Pistil Female parts F : stigma Sticky part of flower where pollen is deposited by wind, insect or humming bird F: Style Tube which pollen passes thru. F: Ovary /Ovule The Ovary is like the egg in animals and once fertilisation has taken place will become the seed. Fruit will protect. Stamen: Male parts M: Anther Covered with pollen M: Filament Holds the anther in position for pollen removal from anther Sepal Sepals protect the flower whilst the flower is developing from a bud. receptacle Holds all flower parts FLOWER PARTS

21. NAME MY PARTS…A IS…

23. PETAL

24. PETAL ANTHER

25. PETAL ANTHER FILAMENT

26. PETAL ANTHER FILAMENT SEPAL/CALYX/RECEPTCLE

27. PETAL ANTHER FILAMENT OVARY SEPAL/CALYX/RECEPTCLE

28. PETAL ANTHER FILAMENT OVARY SEPAL/CALYX/RECEPTCLE

29. PETAL ANTHER STYLE FILAMENT OVARY SEPAL/CALYX/RECEPTCLE

30. PETAL STIGMA ANTHER STYLE FILAMENT OVARY SEPAL/CALYX/RECEPTCLE

31. flower PETAL

32. Compare seeds :cotlyedons, roots, leaves and stems Diversity of AngiospermsBased on cotlyedon: first leaf or pair of leaves. Compare leaves, stems, roots. Compare vascular bundles and support tissue organization.

33. Woody: Thick cells with thick cells walls that support the plant body Trees, shrubs and vines Herbacious Thinner, smooth, smaller in need of support Diversity of angiosperms:Woody vs Herbaceous plants

34. Annuals – die after seed production. examples: dandelions Biennials –Take two years to make productive cycles examples:Hollyhock, Echinacea Perennials – return year after year to reproduce. examples: trees, shrubs, roses Diversity of Angiosperms:Annuals, Biennials and Perennials Throughout the year..

35. TAKS Review • Pg 577 1-4

36. Pg 578 What are three principal organs and tissues of seed plants What are the three main tissue systems of plants What specialized cells make up vascular tissue How does meristematic tissue differ from other plant tissue Chapter 23 Roots, Stems and Leaves

37. Roots Stems Leaves Structures of seed plantsWhat are the purposes of each ?

38. What they need to survive.. • What do you think ?

39. Dermal Tissue Epidermal : single layer covered with cuticle : waxy for protection from dehydration. Trichomes : pubescent Root hairs: increase surface area for water absorption Guard Cells: Stomata: regulate water and gases from leaves Plant Tissue

40. Xylem Carries water: Carries from roots to leaves Phloem Carries food : sieve tubes. Carries from leaves to roots Vascular Tissue • Ground Tissue • Parenchyma in leaves : bundles • Collenchuma : cells walls • Sclerenchma : tissue tough

41. Meristematic Unspecialized cells produced in the meristems : cluster of continual growth throughout a plants life. Found at tips of growth areas such as buds, and roots Apical Meristem Undifferentiated on stems and roots. CELLS HERE REPRODUCE BY MITOSIS Tissue GrowthOnly occurs in meristematic tissue

42. What happens when ?

43. Tap vs Fibrous benefits ? How do roots help prevent erosion ? 23-2 Roots and Root Structures

44. Root Structure

45. Dicot or Monocot? (Circle) Stem Comparison

46. Dicots have pith

49. 23-4 leaves

50. Leaf cross section • Functions