Getting to California

1. Ch 24 Sec 3: New Issues ______ and ______ - two cities where race riots exploded between 1965 and 1968 largely due to blacks in the North becoming frustrated with the lack of progress in the Civil Rights movement (their issues not addressed) ____________ - movement in the African American community meant to embrace and take pride in being black and embracing racial distinctions rather than assimilation ____________ - former leader of SNCC and now a leader of the “Black Power” movement that advocated control of social, political and economic direction by blacks. ____________ - member of the Nation of Islam who criticized white society and the civil rights movement for not being aggressive enough. (assassinated Feb 1965) ____________ - grew out of the poor inner cities based on the ideas of black power including physical self defense ____________ - assassinated (4/4/1968) while trying to settle a garbage workers strike in Memphis, TN Getting to California

2. Textbook Assignment (pp.761-766) Section 3: New Issues • What were some of the issues that urban American cities were facing during the 1960s and what was sometimes the result of this tension? • What was meant by the term “Black Power” in the 1960s and how did it differ with the philosophy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • Who were the Black Muslims and how did Malcolm X help them gain attention in America? • Where was Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated, what was he doing there, and how did the nation react? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

3. Chapter Objectives Section 3: New Issues • Describe the division between Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the black power movement.  • Discuss the direction and progress of the civil rights movement after 1968. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 4

4. Guide to Reading Main Idea In the mid-1960s, civil rights leaders began to understand that merely winning political rights for African Americans would not address the problem of African Americans’ economic status.  Key Terms and Names • racism  • Stokely Carmichael  • Malcolm X  • Black Panthers • Chicago Movement  • Richard Daley  • black power  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-1

5. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 3-4

6. Problems Facing Urban African Americans • Even after the passage of civil rights laws in the 1950s and 1960s, racism, or prejudice or discrimination toward someone because of their race, was common. • The civil rights movement had resulted in many positive gains for African Americans, but their economic and social problems were much more difficult to address. (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-5

7. Problems Facing Urban African Americans • Race riots broke out in many American cities between 1965 and 1968. • A race riot in Watts, a neighborhood in Los Angeles, lasted six days. (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

8. Problems Facing Urban African Americans (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

9. Problems Facing Urban African Americans • The worst of the riots occurred in Detroit when the United States Army was forced to send in tanks and soldiers with machine guns to gain control. (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

10. Problems Facing Urban African Americans (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

11. Problems Facing Urban African Americans • The Kerner Commission was created to make recommendations that would prevent further urban riots. • It concluded that the problem was white society and white racism. • The commission suggested the creation of two million new jobs in inner cities and six million new units of public housing. (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-7

12. Problems Facing Urban African Americans • However, with the massive spending in the Vietnam War, President Johnson never endorsed the recommendation. (pages 761–763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-7

13. The Shift to Economic Rights • By the mid-1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was criticized for his nonviolent strategy because it had failed to improve the economic condition of African Americans. (page 763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-9

14. The Shift to Economic Rights • As a result, he began focusing on economic issues affecting African Americans. • The Chicago Movement was an effort to call attention to the deplorable housing conditions that many African Americans faced. (page 763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-9

15. The Shift to Economic Rights(cont.) • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and his wife moved into a slum apartment in an African American neighborhood in Chicago. • Dr. King led a march through the white suburb of Marquette Park to demonstrate the need for open housing. • Mayor Richard Daley had police protect the marchers, and Daley met with King to propose a new program to clean up slums. (page 763) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-10

16. Black Power • After 1965 many African Americans began to turn away from the nonviolent teachings of Dr. King. • They sought new strategies, which included self-defense and the idea that African Americans should live free from the presence of whites. • Young African Americans called for black power, a term that had many different meanings. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-12

17. Black Power(cont.) • To some it meant physical self-defense and violence. • For others, including SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael, it meant they should control the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle for equality. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-13

18. Black Power(cont.) • Black power stressed pride in the African American culture and opposed cultural assimilation, or the philosophy of incorporating different racial or cultural groups into the dominant society. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-13

19. Black Power(cont.) • These ideas were popular in poor urban neighborhoods, although Dr. King and many African American leaders were critical of black power. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-14

20. Black Power(cont.) • In the early 1960s, Malcolm X had become a symbol of the Black Power movement. • Malcolm X was a member of the Nation of Islam, known as the Black Muslims, who believed that African Americans should separate themselves from whites and form their own self-governing communities. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-14

21. Black Power(cont.) • Malcolm X later broke from the Nation of Islam and began to believe an integrated society was possible. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-15

22. Black Power(cont.) • In 1965 three members of the Nation of Islam shot and killed Malcolm X. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-15

23. Black Power(cont.) • He would be remembered for his view that although African Americans had been victims in the past, they did not have to allow racism to victimize them now. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-15

24. Black Power(cont.) • The formation of the Black Panthers was the result of a new generation of militant African American leaders preaching black power, black nationalism, and economic self-sufficiency. • The group believed that a revolution was necessary to gain equal rights. (pages 764–765) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-16

25. The Assassination of MLK • By the late 1960s, the civil rights movement had fragmented into many competing organizations. • The result was no further legislation to help African Americans. (pages 765–766) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-19

26. The Assassination of MLK • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated by a sniper on April 4, 1968, creating national mourning as well as riots in more than 100 cities. (pages 765–766) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-19

27. The Assassination of MLK (pages 765–766) Section 3-20

28. The Assassination of MLK • In the aftermath of King’s death, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which contained a fair housing provision. (pages 765–766) Section 3-20

29. End of Section 3