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The Old Regimes

The Old Regimes. History 103 The West and the World. Focus Questions. How did the concepts of “balance of power” and “reason of state” influence international relations in the eighteenth century? What were the causes and results of the Seven Years’ War?

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The Old Regimes

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  1. The Old Regimes History 103The West and the World

  2. Focus Questions • How did the concepts of “balance of power” and “reason of state” influence international relations in the eighteenth century? What were the causes and results of the Seven Years’ War? • Who were the main groups making up the European social order in the eighteenth century, and how did the conditions in which they lived differ both between groups and between different parts of Europe? • What was the relationship among intellectual, political, economic, and social changes in the eighteenth century?

  3. DefiningCharacteristics • Reason vs Revelation • Secular • Deism • Empirical • Toleration • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Press • Religious Freedom • Anti-clerical and anti-authoritarian • Emphasis upon Education • Equality before the Law • Cultural Relativism • Theory of Progress

  4. The Spider and the Fly Class Structure Rigid System of Privilege Largely Agricultural Aristocrats and Clergy Growing Merchant Class

  5. Mercantilism Psychology of Limited Wealth Amount of Wealth Fixed Bullion as Measure of Wealth Focus on State – Not Dynasty State Monopolies & Subsidies Role of Colonies Protectionism Jean-Baptiste Colbert 1619-1683 Finance Minister of France

  6. Adam Smith 1723-1790 • The Wealth of Nations, 1776 • Economic Liberalism • laissez faire • The Hidden Hand • Theory of Progress

  7. LIBERALISM • Political Liberalism • Economic Liberalism • Social Liberalism

  8. Two Treatises Concerning Government 1689 A Letter Concerning Toleration 1690 John Locke 1632-1704

  9. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750 Discourse on Inequality, 1754 The Social Contract, 1762 “The General Will”

  10. LIBERALISM • Political Liberalism • Economic Liberalism • Social Liberalism

  11. Europe 1721

  12. Louis XV, 1715-1774 Ruler of France, 1715-1774 Louis XV at Five Year of Age

  13. Palace at Versailles

  14. Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia Hohenzollern Monarchs Frederick II, the Great 1712-1786 Frederick William I 1688-1740

  15. Prussia and the Austrian Empire

  16. Rise of Russia as a European Power Catherine the Great r. 1762-1796 Peter the Great r. 1682-1725

  17. The Hapsburgs War of Austrian Succession 1740-48 Diplomatic Revolution, 1756 Seven Year’s War 1756-1763 Maria Theresa of Austria r. 1740-1780

  18. Expansion of Russia

  19. Overseas Colonies and Trade, 1740

  20. North America, 1755 and 1763

  21. II. Development of the Atlantic slave trade: What was the Atlantic world?

  22. Development of the Atlantic slave trade: the triangle trade Europe: technology And military power Slave ship Slave revolt Americas: Land and minerals Africa: slaves

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