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Ancient Egypt 3100-1069 B.C.

Ancient Egypt 3100-1069 B.C. The Pyramids of Giza. A river valley and its people Receives little rainfall Relies on predictable yearly floods Nile is longest river in the world Unique river: flows north. Nile valley divided into lower and upper Egypt.

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Ancient Egypt 3100-1069 B.C.

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  1. Ancient Egypt 3100-1069 B.C. The Pyramids of Giza

  2. A river valley and its people • Receives little rainfall • Relies on predictable yearly floods • Nile is longest river in the world • Unique river: flows north

  3. Nile valley divided into lower and upper Egypt

  4. Around 3000 B.C. king Narmur of Upper Egypt invaded and conquered Lower Egypt • Historians have organized dynasties to describe Ancient Egypt • 1. Old/Middle/New Kingdoms

  5. Timeline of Kingdoms Dates Significant Events Archaic 3411 - 3100 Unification of all Egypt Old Kingdom 3100 - 2181 Construction of the pyramids begins First Intermediate 2181 - 2125 Political chaos Middle Kingdom 2125 - 1650 Recovery and political stability Second Intermediate 1650 - 1550 Hyksos "invasion" New Kingdom 1550 - 1069 Creation of the Egyptian Empire

  6. The Old Kingdom (3100-2181) • Upper & Lower Egypt became a strong national government • Egyptian Gov’t was a Theocracy • Power flowed from the king to a bureaucracy to control: • 1. Trade/taxes/infrastructure

  7. Pyramids were built to honor their god-kings and provide an eternal resting place. • Pyramid building: • Located on West side of the Nile • Level and layout site to prepare lower chamber • Move quarried limestone to site

  8. Begin building process, sometimes taking up to 25-30 years • Complete with cap stone and polish • During same time, building of temples and smaller pyramids for pharaoh's queens to place

  9. Pyramid of King Kufu

  10. The Sphinx Built by King Kaphre. The sphinx is roughly 4,636 years old.

  11. Mummification Process: • 70 day process • Disposal of brain through nose • Removal of important body organs: Stored in canopic jars • Liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines

  12. Materials used in mummification: linen sawdust lichen beeswax resin natron onion Nile mud linen pads frankincense Mummification tools: Brain hooks (replicas ) Oil jar(Royal Ontario Museum 948.1.17) Funnel (replica)Embalmer's knife(Smithsonian Institution 221.389)

  13. Heart left in place • Natron salt to dry body • Body anointed with oils & honey • Wrapping with linens and painted • Now prepared for ceremony of “opening the mouth” which is important in the next life

  14. The Middle Kingdom (2125-1650) • This kingdom came into being due to a period of upheaval and violence in the city of Thebes • During the 1700’s, Theban kings faced problems of their own • These problems open the door for an overthrow

  15. V. The Middle Kingdom (con’t) • The Middle Kingdom came to an end by invasion of people from Western Asia named Hyksos • The Hyksos were successful due to advances in weaponry • They ruled for a period of about 110 years

  16. VI. The New Kingdom (1550-1069) • Egyptian prince Ahmose overthrew the Hyksos in about 1600 B.C. • Around 1480 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut carried out an extensive building program • Thutomose III expanded empire

  17. VI. The New Kingdom (con’t) • The empire now reached as far as Syria and the Northern Euphrates • Empire grew rich from commerce, tribute, and cultural diffusion • King Tutankhamen ruled a short time from 1333B.C.-1323B.C. • Ramses II reigned by expressing power through statues of himself and building towers and tombs

  18. Life In Ancient Egypt • Social Classes

  19. Life In Ancient Egypt • Status of women • Egyptian women enjoyed a dimension of freedom greater than any of their counterparts from other places in ancient times.

  20. Life In Ancient Egypt • Religious beliefs • Religion guided every aspect of Egyptian life. Egyptian religion was based on polytheism. The Egyptians had as many as 2000 gods and goddesses. Often gods and goddesses were represented as part human and part animal.

  21. Life In Ancient Egypt • System of writing • Hieroglyphics--pictograms Rosetta Stone (1799 A.D.)

  22. Life In Ancient Egypt • Achievements in Science Board Game Bronze Decimal System Copper tubing Papyrus Medical/Surgery Surveying Large scale building Beekeeping Calendar Beer Alphabet Glass making Petroleum tar for mummification

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