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DIPTERAN DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF PEST DIPTERA IN WASHINGTON STATE CATTLE PASTURES, 2006-2007

DIPTERAN DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF PEST DIPTERA IN WASHINGTON STATE CATTLE PASTURES, 2006-2007. Holly Ferguson, Richard Zack, Sally O’Neal, and Douglas Walsh Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research & Extension Center 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350.

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DIPTERAN DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF PEST DIPTERA IN WASHINGTON STATE CATTLE PASTURES, 2006-2007

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  1. DIPTERAN DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF PEST DIPTERA IN WASHINGTON STATE CATTLE PASTURES, 2006-2007 Holly Ferguson, Richard Zack, Sally O’Neal, and Douglas Walsh Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research & Extension Center 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350

  2. Food Web for Arthropods in Cattle Dung Predatory flies Parasitic wasps Predatory beetles and mites Mixed-diet flies Fungivorous insects Dung-feeding beetles Dung-feeding flies Fungi Cattle dung Modified from Skidmore (1991)

  3. Fly Pests of Cattle: MuscidaeDung-feeding Flies • Face fly: common vector of pinkeye, reduces weight gain & milk production • Horn fly: biting pest, causes bunching, reduces feeding, reduces weight gain, threshold is 200/animal • Stable fly: biting pest, causes bunching, reduces feeding, reduces weight gain, threshold is 10/animal Musca autumnalis Haematobia irritans Stomoxys calcitrans

  4. Fly Pests of Cattle: Simuliidae • Called black flies, buffalo gnats • Breed in flowing water • Biting pest, nuisance, large numbers can kill

  5. Fly Pests of Cattle: Culicidae • Mosquitoes • Breed in aquatic habitats • Biting pest, causes bunching, reduces feeding, reduces weight gain, vector of pathogens

  6. Fly Pests of Cattle: Tabanidae • Deer flies and horse flies • Breed in moist habitats-organic matter, larvae feed on other invertebrates, detritus? • Biting pest, reduces weight gain, bite puncture wounds can damage hide

  7. Fly Pests of Cattle: Ceratopogonidae • Biting midges, punkies, “no-see-ums” • Breed in moist habitats • Biting pest, vector of blue tongue virus disease

  8. Fly Pests of Cattle: Oestridae • Northern cattle grub, common cattle grub • Adults are called heel flies, resemble bees, cause “gadding” • Larvae burrow into skin, migrate through body and pop out on back (myiasis), causing damage to hide

  9. Counties Sampledin 2006 Snohomish (2) Kittitas (2) Whitman (1) Benton Yakima (1) (2)

  10. Counties Sampledin 2007 Skagit (3) Kittitas Grant (2) (1) Whitman (1) Yakima (2) (1) Benton

  11. sticky stable fly trap yellow sticky card Trapping and Sampling Methods: Flies pane trap baited fly bottle trap CO2 baited mosquito trap aerial net sweep net of forage sweep net around cattle QuickBayt™ bait station

  12. Face flies on polled Hereford Tom Harvey, K-State

  13. Horn flies on black baldie

  14. Tethinidae 43 fly families represented in the traps and samples from the cattle environment

  15. Food Web for Arthropods in Cattle Dung Predatory flies Parasitic wasps Predatory beetles and mites Mixed-diet flies Fungivorous insects Dung-feeding beetles Dung-feeding flies Fungi Cattle dung Modified from Skidmore (1991)

  16. Dipteran Habitats • Dung • Decaying vegetation • Decomposing animals • Fungi • Grass and other plants • Moist or aquatic habitats • Parasites & predators

  17. Yellow Sticky Card Fly Captures West of the Cascade Mountains Hereford with blind eye

  18. Yellow Sticky Card Fly CapturesEast of the Cascade MountainsKittitas and Yakima Counties Fresh sticky card on fenceline Sticky card collected and identifed

  19. Yellow Sticky Card Fly CapturesEast of the Cascade MountainsBenton and Grant Counties

  20. Conclusions • Sticky traps catch a diversity of flies and are useful for tracking the relative abundance of face/house fly, stable fly, and black fly. • Horn fly difficult to trap with methods used; digital photography is currently being used to assess horn fly abundance. • Slightly more pest flies were trapped on sticky cards at east side locations, reasons unclear. Sammy 2008 Mascot WSU-RMA Beef Cattle Project

  21. Counties Sampledin 2008 San Juan Skagit (3) (1) Island (1) Kittitas (2) Whitman (1) Yakima (2) Benton (4)

  22. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the USDA, FCIC Risk Management Agency for funding this project. Technical assistance by Jackie Gregory, Mary Pearson, Megan Juzeler, Rebecca Razey, Tessa Andrews, Kathryn Holden, Nicole Grove, and Crystal Adams was greatly appreciated. And we especially thank the Happy Cows of Washington State!!

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