The Antebellum

1. The Antebellum By James Holstad

2. How To Use This Slide Show Read through the slides and click to go to the next slide. Some words are underlined and blue. You can click on these words for more information about them. After you click on these words, you will be brought to a new slide. To go back to the slide you were on, click on the blue underlined words that are the title of the slide you want to go back to. For practice, try clicking on Antebellum Era.

3. Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Andrew Jackson was president from March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837, after the Revolution of 1800, and the Monroe Doctrine. In the election of 1824, Jackson ran for president but did not win office due to the Corrupt Bargain. His supporters were called Jacksonians. Jackson opposed privileged elites, and their special privileges. Jackson’s presidency was also known as the Age of the Common Man. Jackson often sought advice from the Kitchen Cabinet.

4. Tariffs During the antebellum, the first tariffs of U.S. history were passed. The north and south had different views on tariffs, as did different political parties. The Tariff of Abominations is a clear example of these different views. Some opposed tariffs by supporting the Doctrine of Nullification. To settle the conflict between the support and opposition of the Tariff of Abominations the Compromise Tariff of 1833 and the Force Bill were passed.

5. Money Conflicts • “Unless the corrupting monster should be shraven with its ill gotten power, my veto will meet it frankly & fearlessly.” • President Andrew Jackson to John Coffee, February 19, 1832 • Jackson said this because he opposed the bill to re-charter the BUSduring the Bank War. • Some results of the Bank War were: • Removal of federal deposits from the BUS • An increase of the number of state banks • Emergence of a two-party government • In 1836, the Specie Circular was passed, and the Panic of 1837 followed.

6. Vetoes • Jackson vetoed 12 bills during his presidency. • These vetoes included: • Second Bank of the United States Re-Charter, vetoed July 10, 1832. • Maysville Road veto, on May 27, 1830

7. Supreme Court Cases There were many cases that made it to the supreme court. Gibbons vs. Ogden Martin vs. Hunters Lessee Worchester vs. Georgia

8. Cherokees Unlike other tribes, when the Cherokees were ordered to leave their homelands, they challenged the order. They went to the supreme court, and in the case Worchester vs. Georgia, they won. However, Jackson didn’t recognize the courts ruling and the Cherokees were removed from their homes and traveled the Trail of Tears.

9. Cotton • The cotton industry of the South was successful with the combination of: • new farmland in the south, • the new textile industry, • the invention of the cotton gin, • and demand.

10. Transportation • With improved transportation and an expanded population, Americans expanded west into the Great American Desert. • There were several new advances of transportation in the 1800’s, including: • Canals • Canals opened the West to more trade • Railroads • gave farmers in the Midwest access to urban markets • Steamboats • Increased river trade, lowered costs of transportation

11. Women’s Roles Because women could not vote or serve on juries, women’s role in society was questioned. The republican motherhood was a concept about the role of women. Many people supported women’s rights includingSarah Moore Grimke.

12. Women’s Roles Change Despite some political thoughts, women wanted more rights. This led to the: -Women’s Movement -Seneca falls convention At the same time, reforms were made regarding blacks, slavery, and the mentally ill.

13. Thoughts About Slavery • Originally, all of the 13 colonies had slavery. However, by 1804, all of the Northern states had abolished or started to abolish slavery, partially as a result of the Second Great Awakening. • The Southern states continued to practice slavery and the number of slaves increased by natural increase. • Several groups were formed to help slaves including: • American Anti-Slavery Society • American Colonization Society • Some leaders of this abolitionist movement were: • William Lloyd Garrison • Fredrick Douglass

14. Religion • The Second Great Awakening • Although not necessarily a religion, transcendentalism emerged in the 1800’s. • There were also some utopian communities, perfect societies, including: • Brook Farm • New Harmony • Oneida Community

15. Education Because people wanted to be educated, the Lyceum Movement was formed. Schools were becoming more common in the country, including schools of art, like the Hudson River School, and colleges, like Oberlin. Newspapers were popular in the 1800’s, as well as school books like McGuffey Readers. Democracy in America was a book about the politics of America.

16. The End Click here to end

17. Jacksonians Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Those who supported Andrew Jackson Had respect for the ability of the common man. Supported suffrage and patronage.

18. Suffrage The right to vote. Jacksonians expanded white male suffrage. Dorr’s Rebellion also helped to expand suffrage.

19. Patronage The policy of placing political supporters in office. Jackson practiced this and Jacksonians supported this.

20. Tariff Tariffs A tax on imports and/or exports. 1816-1838 were the first tariffs in U.S. history and were for protection.

21. The Tariff of Abominations Tariffs Also called the tariff of 1828. Raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. Protected the North. Harmed the South. Forced John Calhoun to formulate the Doctrine of Nullification.

22. Doctrine of Nullification Tariffs Developed by John Calhoun. Argued that states can refuse to recognize an “unconstitutional” act of congress. Was used in response to the high rates of the Tariff of Abominations.

23. BUS Money Conflicts Vetoes • The Second Bank of the United States. • The bank’s federal charter was going to expire in 1836 but could be re-chartered. • It was vigorously opposed by Jackson • He said it harmed common people, the ones who elected him, • And helped advocates of “hard money.” • In the end, the bank became private in 1836, and ended completely in 1841.

24. Worchester vs. Georgia Supreme Court Cases Cherokees 1831 A supreme court case where the supreme court upheld the rights of the Cherokee tribe to their tribal lands. For more information, the court document of this case is availablehere. (close out of the web page to get back to this slide)

25. Trail of tears Cherokees The route taken by Indians (Cherokees) as the were relocated to the Indian territory of Oklahoma. 25% died en route. The Indians were moved because Jackson didn’t honor the ruling of the Worchester v. Georgia court case.

26. Cotton Gin Workers use a cotton gin in the South. Cotton Invention that made it possible and profitable to harvest short staple cotton. It is a machine that separates the seed from the cotton fibers very quickly, so the fibers can be used in clothing. Invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney.

27. Erie Canal Transportation Made in 1825 Sparked period of canal building for transportation. Waterways were made inland so boats could be used for transportation. Strengthened trade, and lowered transportation costs, but not much in the south.

28. The Cult of Domesticity Women’s Roles Also called the Republican Motherhood. Thought that women did have a vital role as wives and mothers and should be well educated so that their children would also be educated. Republican mothers should be concerned with domestic family, and religious affairs.

29. Women’s Movement Women’s Roles Change Led by middle class women. Promoted equal rights for all. Linked with anti-slavery movements.

30. Women’s Suffrage The right for women to vote. Called for by Seneca Falls Convention.

31. The Second Great Awakening Thoughts About Slavery A wave of religious enthusiasm. Led by C. Finney and L. Beecher. Made Americans aware of moral issues of slavery.

32. American Colonization Society Thoughts About Slavery Worked to return freed slaves to the west coast of Africa. Led by the middle class. Established in 1817 by Robert Finley.

33. American Anti-Slavery Society Thoughts About Slavery Founded by William Lloyd Garrison. Called for “immediate and uncompensated emancipation of slaves.” Also supported women’s rights.

34. Transcendentalism Religion Philosophical and literary movement of the 1800’s. Emphasized simple life with nature and emotion. Practiced by Transcendentalists. More literary than practical.

35. Transcendentalists Believed in transcendentalism. Henry Thoreau and Ralph Waldo led transcendentalism. Many formed cooperative communities to live and farm together. Communities didn’t last long.

36. McGuffey Readers Education Best known and most used school books in the 19th century. Included stories, poems, essays, and speeches.

37. Hudson River School Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, View Education The United States’ first coherent school of art. Paintings were influenced by romanticism and were of the landscape often around the Hudson river. Founded by Cole in 1825.

38. John C. Calhoun Supported state’s rights and slavery. Believed that the state had the right to nullify any federal law they deemed unconstitutional. He voiced his opposition to the Tariff of 1828 through the Doctrine of Nullification. This was settled with the Compromise Tariff of 1833.

39. Seneca Falls Convention Women’s Roles Change • 1848-led by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretius Mott. • Called for Women’s: • Suffrage, • Right to retain property after marriage, • Divorce rights, • And education rights equal to men’s.

40. Dorthea Dix Women’s Roles Change Worked to reform the treatment of mentally and emotionally disabled.

41. William Lloyd Garrison Thoughts About Slavery Editor of the radical newspaper “The Liberator.” Founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Also supported women’s rights.

42. Frederick Douglass Thoughts About Slavery Most prominent black abolitionist during the antebellum. He wanted equal rights for all, including women and Natives.

43. Sarah Moore Grimke Women’s Roles One of the first women to publically support both abolition and women’s rights.

44. The Bank War Money Conflicts • Struggle between those who wanted to keep the national bank and those who wanted to abolish it. • Occurred during Jackson’s presidency, 1829-1837. • Defended by • National Republicans • Wealthy merchants • Opposed by • Jacksonians • State’s rights advocates • Small businesses

45. Antebellum Era How To Use This Slide Show The era in the Southern (and Northern) United States preceding the Civil War(1861) and after the War of 1812. It was a period of growth, advancement, and conflict in America. It ended with a war to attempt to solve these conflicts.

46. Revolution of 1800 Andrew Jackson’s Presidency Jefferson defeated John Adams in an election changed the direction of government from Federalist to Democratic-Republican. It was a peaceful transition.

47. Monroe Doctrine Andrew Jackson’s Presidency 1823-declared that Europe should not interfere in affairs of the western hemisphere, or they would be seen as a threat to the U.S.A.

48. “Corrupt Bargain” Andrew Jackson’s Presidency 1825-Henry Clay, a presidential candidate, supported John Q. Adams in the house’s presidential vote. Clay knew he could not win so the traded his vote and convinced others to vote for Adams so that Clay would get the office of Secretary of State. In the popular vote, Andrew Jackson had the most votes(about 41%), but not the majority. If no candidate had the majority, the vote went to the House of Representatives were Adams won presidency even though he only had about 30% in the popular vote.

49. Age of the Common Man Andrew Jackson’s Presidency A period during Jackson’s presidency. Jackson felt that the government should be ran by common people. Democracy was based on the self sufficient middle class.

50. Kitchen Cabinet Andrew Jackson’s Presidency A small group of Jackson’s friends and advisors. Jackson conferred with them instead of his regular cabinet, ignoring official procedures.