COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SHARING ENVIRONMENT THROUGH NETWORK CENTRIC OPERATIONS (NCO)

1. STRATEGIC LEVEL COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SHARING ENVIRONMENT THROUGH NETWORK CENTRIC OPERATIONS (NCO) OPERATIONAL LEVEL First Admiral Dato’ Hj Rusli bin Hj Idrus Assistant Chief of Staff Communications and Electronics Division Malaysian Armed Forces Headquarters AD-HOC TACTICAL MOBILE LEVEL TETRATAC BROADBAND RADIOS MANET COMBAT NET RADIOS WI-MAX PERSONAL RADIOS

2. Tactical situation UAV COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SHARING THROUGH NETWORK CENTRIC OPERATIONS • The objective of NCO can be defined as the set up of a collaborative environment between the Armed Forces command levels • · • This capability will allow for the provision of relevant common operational pictures throughout the full chain of command, thus enabling a greater speed of decision and action for the Armed Forces. NCO = the right information at the right moment for all platforms The NCO environment encourages better management of information. • Acceleration • of the decision /speed of command The need to understand the demand and to either push or pull information. The key is to manage information – its presentation and use .

3. The concept of a Network Centric Operations (NCO) will contribute significantly to MAF’s transformation and mission effectiveness • Shared Information /Situational Awareness • Common Operational Picture • Timeliness/Real Time • Robust network /seamless comms • Information Management MIission Effectiveness Iincreased combat power THE NCO VALUE CHAIN FOR MAF TRANSFORMATION

4. SCOPE • Key NCO based Concept of operations • Implementation of MAF program to provide a secure , real time collaborative environment. • Challenges and Way Forward.

5. NCO Defined Aninformation superiority enabled conceptof operations that generates increased combat power by networking sensors, decision makers and shooters to achieved shared situational awareness, increased speed of command, higher tempo of operations, greater lethality, increased survivability and a degree of self-synchronization. In essence, NCO translates information superiority into combat power by effectively linking knowledgeable entities in the battle space.

6. Net - Centric Journey: Driving Factors

7. NCO Transformation – Innovation inTechnology and More This networking, combined with changes in technology, organization, processes, and people - may allow new forms of organizational behaviour. Changing organizational structures and hierarchies, roles, culture – providing the skills and training required People Processes Defining ways of working, changes in doctrine, policies and procedures Information Providing high quality, trusted information, delivered on time to the end user Technology NCO more than the network Connecting the latest technical tools (e.g. for decision support) with the underlying infrastructure Adapted from: OFT

8. Defense Transformation, A Response to the Information Age: Net-Centric Operations (NCO) • Translates an Information Advantage into a decisive Warfighting Advantage -Information Advantage - enabled by the robust networking of well informed geographically dispersed forces • Characterized by: -Information sharing - Shared situational awareness • Knowledge of commander’s intent • Exploits IT for networking forces • Warfighting Advantage - exploits behavioral change and new doctrine to enable: - Self-synchronization - Speed of command - Increased combat power • Information Sharing is a New Source of Power * - Excerpts fro “Transforming Defense” briefing by VADM Arthur Cebrowski, first Director, Force Transformation, http://www.oft.osd.mil/ • New technology context • Broadened threat context • New strategic context

9. IMINT COPP Web HUMINT GEOINT SIGINT Scalable / Extensible Single user Multi-user / Department National / Infrastructure Installation wide / Enterprise Global Network File-based RDBMS based Services oriented Network based Net-Centric ‘70s - System ‘80s – System of systems ‘90s – Family of systems NOW – Global Information Grid Evolution of Operations & Shift to Network Centric Operations Capability Client-server Architecture PC’s Information and Intelligence Operations

10. NCO Tenets Better Quality Networking and Information Sharing Information Domain Ensures Improved Information Quality Cognitive and Social Domains Improved Shared Awareness/Understanding Enhanced Collaboration/Interactions/Decision Making Which Contributes to More Agile Force Elements Which Ultimately leads to Improved Mission Effectiveness & Force Agility Physical Domain 10

11. TENETS OF NCO

12. Information – a Winning Advantage Action = Impact on Competitor Act Observe / Orient / Decide OWN OODA Act Observe Orient Decide COMPETITOR’S OODA Defeated OODA Cycle  Information Superiority = Decision Superiority = Ahead of Competitors. 12

13. An Approach – NCO model

14. Enabler Process for generating awareness Enabler Process for exploiting awareness The Bottom Line (Measurable) Results The Military as a Network Centric Enterprise

15. Network Dimension

16. Information Dimension

17. Human Dimension • The current operational concepts & capabilities require transformations for NCO adaptation. The change here is expected to have profound influence on human dimension. • Skilled Personnel & Personnel Skill Mapping • Transfer of Technology • Mindset change need for security awareness • Information Dissemination Plan • Management Awareness (to obtain buy-in) • User Awareness, Training & Education • Continuous Improvement • High Standards of Training, & education • Organization Process Reengineering • Doctrine & Policy Review • Process Reengineering • & SOP development • Transformation • (Map & synchronize to technology)

18. Security Dimension – Holistic Approach Security Security policy Security Architecture and Design Operation Continuity and Disaster Recovery Management Cryptography Security Management & Risk Management Access control Application & System Development Security Key Management Network & Telecommunication Security Operations Security Security Incident Investigations Physical (Environmental) Security

19. The NCO Capability Development Plan for MAF is a long term undertaking that will be implemented at an incremental pace based on MAF’s organizational clusters and prioritized according to MAF’s requirements

20. MAF NCO System Design Approach • MAF NCO system is methodically designed to put the NCO Tenets into practice • The NCO Framework is created by mapping the attributes of the 4 NCO Domains (physical, information, cognition and social) to the concepts of the NCO tenets in order to understand their relationship and qualify the process required to achieve mission effectiveness. • The MAF NCO System Terms of Reference (TOR) is a synthesis of the User Requirements and NCO Framework that forms the basis of MAF NCO Functional Dimensions and their associated system deliverables. • The capabilities attained from the system deliverables assure MAF’s objective to achieve mission effectiveness are met.

21. Challenges associated with the design, acquisition, integration and support of the complex socio-technical systems Security:Increasing access to information across coalitions, whilst recognising increasing threat of cyberattacks Real Time: Processing information and intelligence to provide real-time Operational Picture and increase time for commander to make rapid decisions High Availability:Providing secure and resilient access in a range of situations, e.g., remote or built-up areas with low/no bandwidth availability Mobility: Quickly deploying portable equipment in new areas for a wide range of missions, with new partners and supply networks 22

22. Challenges Evolving concepts. Creating an environment to investigate and evolve future concepts enabled by NCO – including analysis, experimentation and simulation. Interoperability. Managing the complexity of a network enabled system including integration, management, configuration, interoperability with legacy and peer systems and future migration. Procurement processes. Will need to be more responsive to the very short lifecycles of information technology products. 23

23. Challenges of Human Dimension • Organizational Structure • New evolving system requires new organizational structure • Organizational culture - social learning • Knowledge management and mobilization • people’s willingness to share and receive information • Cooperation and collaboration • Training to deal with different kinds of information • Trust • trust is necessary to make human action and interaction possible • Teamwork • Teamwork is essential to the success of any organization and it is more so in a network centric environment. • The person-machine interface and information filtering tools will need to evolve to reduce the problem of ‘information overload’. Networked forces will need new tools that make information available in useful ways

24. WAY FORWARD • Establish leadership to embrace the challenges. • Education/Training/Change Management Plan • Investment Strategy. • Understand your military culture and command philosophy – I think these are unique. • Be sure there is an agreed vision or design end state. • Conduct a robust gap analysis • Design your roadmap in two parts – the co-ordination plan and the end to end architecture. 25

25. THANK YOU