1 / 19

The History of the WORLD!

The History of the WORLD!. Brought to you by the 1st Most Awesomest teacher in the World. Mr. Winsor (Yes it is him… there is no other). In the Beginning. There was Nothing. Then there was…. The Big Bang. People that shaped our thoughts about Geologic History.

danyl
Télécharger la présentation

The History of the WORLD!

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The HistoryoftheWORLD!

  2. Brought to you by the 1st Most Awesomest teacher in the World Mr. Winsor (Yes it is him… there is no other)

  3. In the Beginning

  4. There was Nothing

  5. Then there was…

  6. The Big Bang

  7. People that shaped our thoughts about Geologic History. Archbishop of Armagh: James UssherJames HuttonCharles Lyell

  8. James Ussher • A respected scholar of the Bible. • He created a chronology of human and Earth history in which he determined that the Earth was only a few thousand years old. • He thought that the earth was created in 4004 B.C. • His thoughts were widely accepted among scientific and religious leaders of the day, and was even printed in the margins of the Bible.

  9. James Hutton • In the late 1700's Hutton published his Theory of the Earth. • He put forth the fundamental principle that is a pillar of geology: Uniformitarianism- the physical, chemical and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the geologic past. • Hutton argued that weak, slow-acting processes could, over long spans of time, produce effects just as great as those resulting from sudden catastrophic events.

  10. Charles Lyell • Lyell was credited for advancing the basic principles of modern geology. • Between 1830 and 1872, he produced 11 editions of his, Principles of Geology. • Although the doctrine of uniformitarianism did not originate with him, he was most successful in interpreting and publicizing it for society at large.

  11. What is the Geologic Time Scale • The Geologic Time Chart is a tool devised by geologists to assist in the comprehension of the 4.5 Billion Years of Time represented in the layers of rocks and fossil remains found on Earth and provides a meaningful time frame within which the events of the geologic past are arranged. • Geologists have divided the whole of geologic history into units of varying magnitude. Altogether, these units comprise the Geologic Time Chart of Earth's History. Most of the major units of the time chart were described in the 1800's, as geologists were attempting to understand the overall structure of Earth and the placement of the fossil remains they found in the layers of rock.

  12. Geologic Principles • Beginning in the 1600's, with a renaissance in scientific investigation, early geologists began to investigate the rock layers that were evident on the land. Their early observations eventually proved to hold true and were described as Principles. Four of these Principles are important in the understanding of the Geologic Time Chart. • Law of superposition • Law of crosscutting relationships • Law of Inclusions • Law of faunal succession

  13. Law of Superposition • Nicolaus Steno, a Danish anatomist, geologist, and priest (1636 - 1686) observed the changes in a sequence of rock layers while working in the mountains of Italy. Steno's observations became known as the Law of Superposition which simply stated that in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, each layer of rock is older than the layer above it and younger than the rock layer below it. The Law of Superposition also applied to other geologic events on the surface, such as lava flows and ash layers from volcanic eruptions. • The Law of Superposition meant that the Coconino Sandstone is older than the Toroweap Formation and younger than the Hermit Shale as seen in the image above. As it pertained to the Geologic Time Chart, the Law of Superposition meant that the Jurassic Period was older than the Cretaceous Period and younger than the Triassic Period.

  14. Principle of Crosscutting Relationships • Described by Scotsman James Hutton (1726 - 1997), the Law of Crosscutting Relationships stated that if a fault or other body of rock cuts through another body of rock then it must be younger in age than the rock through which it cuts and displaces. • In the image, a Dike of igneous rock cuts through three layers of previously deposited sedimentary rocks. In this instance is the Dike the Oldest, Next Oldest, or the Youngest layer of rock?

  15. Law of Inclusions • The Law of Inclusions was also described by James Hutton and stated that if a rock body (Rock B) contained fragments of another rock body (Rock A), it must be younger than the fragments of rock it contained. The intruding rock (Rock A) must have been there first to provide the fragments.

  16. Law of Faunal Succession • In 1790, while engineering canals, William Smith observed that fossils of invertebrate animals found in the rock layers appeared in a predictable sequence. From this observation the Law of Faunal Succession was developed and stated that fossils occur in a definite, invariable sequence in the geologic record. • As you can see in this image the fossil remains of living things are present in the rock layers at definite intervals, and exist within a discrete period of time.

  17. Review • People • Ussher • Hutton • Lyell • Geologic time table • Geologic Principles • Superposition • Crosscutting • Inclusions • Succession

More Related